Gastrodia elata Blume protects against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in mice

Abstract

Abstract. Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) is a traditional herbal plant that has been used in Asian countries for centuries as an anticonvulsant, analgesic, and also as a sedative for treating general paralysis, epilepsy, vertigo, and tetanus. Although numerous reports have addressed the effects of GEB against degenerative diseases, no previous study has examined the possible gastroprotective effects of GEB. Here, we examined the effects of pretreatment with GEB (0.02 ml/g, p.o.) in a mouse water immersion restraint (WIR) stressinduced gastric lesion model. Our results revealed that mice pretreated with GEB had significantly fewer gastric lesions than their respective controls. Moreover, GEB-treated mice showed significant decreases in serum and gastric nitric oxide (NO) levels to 50 and 28%, respectively. To examine one possible mechanism underlying this effect, we used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to examine NOS mRNA expression in gastric lesion tissues. Our results revealed that the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was reduced by ~50% in GEB-pretreated mice versus the controls, whereas the mRNA expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) remained unchanged. These findings collectively suggest that GEB significantly protects the gastric mucosa against WIR-induced gastric damage, at least in part by decreasing NO levels via suppression of iNOS mRNA expression.

Protective effect of Acer mono Max. sap on water immersion restraint stress-induced gastric ulceration

“…The WIRE stressinduced gastric lesion model was produced as previously described (18). The mice were randomly separated into control (no treatment), L-arginine (300 mg/kg), omeprazole (3 mg/ kg) and AmMs (30 or 150 mg/kg) groups (6 mice per group).…”

“…The mice were randomly separated into control (no treatment), L-arginine (300 mg/kg), omeprazole (3 mg/ kg) and AmMs (30 or 150 mg/kg) groups (6 mice per group). L-arginine was utilized as a positive control since it exhibits potent protective effects against acute gastric mucosal induction (18). Omeprazole is also well known as an anti-ulcerative worldwide (19).…”

“…These primers were constructed using the Primer3 software (Whitehead Institute, MIT Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA, USA) to evaluate sequences deposited in the NCBI GenBank database. The primers were synthesized by Bioneer Co. (Daejeon, Korea), as previously described (18). Briefly, first-strand cDNA was reverse-transcribed from 200 ng of total RNA at 45˚C for 30 min; the samples were denatured for 5 min at 95˚C; and PCR amplification was executed with either 32 cycles (eNOS, nNOS and iNOS) or 27 cycles (18s RNA) of 45 sec at 95˚C, 45 sec at 54˚C for eNOS, 55˚C for nNOS, 45 sec at 53˚C for iNOS and 60 sec at 72˚C.…”

Anti-asthmatic activities in mycelial extract and culture filtrate of Cordyceps sphecocephala J201

“…For the cytotoxicity assay, RAW264.7 cells were collected and incubated into 96-well flat-bottom microplates at the counting of 10 4 /well cells. After 24 h, the mycelial extract and culture filtrate and montelukast were treated with 0, 1, 10 and 100 μg/ml for 24 h. Then 10 μl of CCK-8 (Dojindo, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) solution (dehydrogenase activity detection) was added to each well, the plate was incubated for 1 h in the incubator, and the absorbance measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader (Victor3, PerkinElmer) (29).…”

“…All the procedures were performed in compliance with the Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Animals (National Research Council, 1996) and in-house guidelines of the University (29). In brief, sixweek-old male C57BL/6 mice, weighing between 22-25 g, were purchased from Samtaco Korea, and were fed a commercial diet (Samtaco Korea) and water ad libitum.…”