Gastrin‐Releasing Peptide Is Involved in the Establishment of Allergic Rhinitis in Mice

Abstract

NA. Laryngoscope, E377-E384, 2018.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: Latest Scientific Findings Focusing on Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants and Neuropeptides

“…Furthermore, interestingly, it has been reported that a GRPR antagonist resulted in a greater antiinflammatory effect than corticosteroids 32) . Our findings of reduced instances of sneezing and nasal rubbing following the administration of a GRPR antagonist in AR mice were consistent with these reports 29) . Furthermore, RC-3095 was especially effective at suppressing the sneezing induced by histamine in the 20-min period following administration; however, its effects were not very robust 29) .…”

“…Our findings of reduced instances of sneezing and nasal rubbing following the administration of a GRPR antagonist in AR mice were consistent with these reports 29) . Furthermore, RC-3095 was especially effective at suppressing the sneezing induced by histamine in the 20-min period following administration; however, its effects were not very robust 29) . This suggests that RC-3095 does not suppress the mechanism underlying the symptoms caused by histamine (free histamine, or histamine that was directly administered to mice); instead, it suggests that RC-3095 acts on either histamine release by mast cells/basophils or a reaction upstream of this release 29) .…”

“…As in the study of the human nasal mucosa by Baraniuk et al, we found that GRP was locally expressed in the mucosal epithelium and interstitium and that GRPR was present in the mucosal epithelium and glandular tissue 28) 29) . In addition, using IHC and WB techniques, we found a positive correlation between allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosa and the expression of GRP and GRPR 29) . Andoh et al demonstrated the existence of mast cells expressing GRPR in the skin and further suggested that itching symptoms are caused by the degranulation of GRPR-positive mast cells.…”

“…Furthermore, RC-3095 was especially effective at suppressing the sneezing induced by histamine in the 20-min period following administration; however, its effects were not very robust 29) . This suggests that RC-3095 does not suppress the mechanism underlying the symptoms caused by histamine (free histamine, or histamine that was directly administered to mice); instead, it suggests that RC-3095 acts on either histamine release by mast cells/basophils or a reaction upstream of this release 29) . Taken together, the blockade of GRPR may lead to better control of a wide range of inflammatory symptoms caused by type I hypersensitivity reactions 29) .…”

“…This suggests that RC-3095 does not suppress the mechanism underlying the symptoms caused by histamine (free histamine, or histamine that was directly administered to mice); instead, it suggests that RC-3095 acts on either histamine release by mast cells/basophils or a reaction upstream of this release 29) . Taken together, the blockade of GRPR may lead to better control of a wide range of inflammatory symptoms caused by type I hypersensitivity reactions 29) . We speculate that GRPR antagonists should reduce the secretion of cytokines from mast cells, which will be the subject of future investigations.…”