Gastric xanthelasma associated with hyperplastic polyp and mucosal erosions: report of an unusual case and literature review

Abstract

Gastric xanthelasma is a rare benign tumor-like lesion which is usually observed as an incidental finding due to its asymptomatic presentation. Grossly, it is a well-demarcated yellow-white plaque which is microscopically formed by clusters of foamy macrophages in the lamina propria. The pathogenesis and clinical significance are not clear. Gastric hyperplastic polyps are rarely associated with xanthelasma. Mucosal erosions also appear to have an association with the combined lesions of hyperplastic polyp and xanthelasma. Here, we report a rare case of simultaneous occurrence of gastric xanthoma with hyperplastic polyp and mucosal erosions. The lesions are observed in a 78 years old male who presented with a history of chronic anemia. The histological features together with a literature review of other similar reported cases are described and compared.

Gastric Xanthoma in the Pediatric Population: A Possible Herald for Malignancy?

“…Appearance is slightly variable and GX are typically less than 3 mm but have been described as large as 10 mm [1,2]. The etiology of GX is not clear, however, there is a close association between GX formation and Helicobacter pylori infections, atrophic gastritis, and malignancy [2][3][4]. The presence of GX is a positive indicator of H. pylori infection and may persist even after the completion of triple therapy [5].…”

Gastric xanthelasma: case report

“…Xanthelasma, also known as xanthoma or lipid island, is an uncommon gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tumor-like lesion and the stomach is the most common site of reported upper GIT lesions, specifically in the gastric antrum, as a single lesion. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Gastric xanthelasma (GX) is a rare, non-neoplastic finding with a prevalence ranging from 0.2 to 7%. [1][2][3] The pathogenesis of GX is not clear, however it appears to be related to healing processes in response to tissue damage provoked by inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Gastric xanthelasma (GX) is a rare, non-neoplastic finding with a prevalence ranging from 0.2 to 7%. [1][2][3] The pathogenesis of GX is not clear, however it appears to be related to healing processes in response to tissue damage provoked by inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection. 1,4 Endoscopically, these lesions usually present as welldemarcated round, yellow-white nodules or plaques, resembling certain malignant lesions.…”

“…[1][2][3] The pathogenesis of GX is not clear, however it appears to be related to healing processes in response to tissue damage provoked by inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection. 1,4 Endoscopically, these lesions usually present as welldemarcated round, yellow-white nodules or plaques, resembling certain malignant lesions. 1,6 Microscopically, GX is characterized by collections of foamy macrophages in the lamina propria, secondary to phagocytosis of the bacteria.…”

“…1,4 Endoscopically, these lesions usually present as welldemarcated round, yellow-white nodules or plaques, resembling certain malignant lesions. 1,6 Microscopically, GX is characterized by collections of foamy macrophages in the lamina propria, secondary to phagocytosis of the bacteria. Histological confirmation of GX is mandatory because its appearance may mimic malignancy and once the histological diagnosis of GX is confirmed, it is necessary to look for accompanying premalignant conditions.…”