Gastric emptying of barley-soya-bean diets in the pig: effects of feeding level, supplementary maize oil, sucrose or cellulose, and water intake

Abstract

1.A technique for measuring gastric emptying in growing pigs by complete removal of digesta through a gastric 2. Four pigs were fitted with gastric cannulas and each was used in three trials. 3. The effects of level of feeding (trial I), cellulose (C), maize-oil (MO) or sucrose (SU) supplementation (trial 2) and the level of water intake (trial 3) on gastric emptying of digesta, dry matter (DM) and nitrogen from a barley-weatings-soya-bean (B) diet were measured during 4 h after the morning feed. 4.In trial 1, pigs were given 0.66,0.83, 1 .OO or 1.17 times their standard level of feeding. As the level of feeding rose, so the weight of digesta, DM and N emptied in the first hour after feeding increased. This trend continued to some extent in the second hour, but no effects of level of feeding were seen in the third and fourth hours. 5.In trial 2, maize-oil addition to the diet significantly reduced the gastric-emptying rate of DM in the second hour after feeding, compared with the rates for diet C. The rate of N emptying was significantly slower for diets MO and SU than for diet C.6. In trial 3 there were no significant effects of water intake level (1.75, 2.50 and 3.25 times the weight of diet) on the rate of DM or N emptying from the stomach. The rate of digesta (and thus of water) emptying in the first hour after feeding increased significantly as the water intake rose.7. It was concluded that because the pattern of gastric emptying was very similar despite large differences in nutritional inputs, an important property of the process appeared to be resilience. cannula is described.A major role of the stomach in the pig is to act as a reservoir of food. It provides the small intestine with a relatively continuous supply of nutrients for digestion during periods lasting several hours, between meals which are usually eaten in a few minutes. This process in turn is a determinant of the time-course of absorption and metabolism of nutrients. It is thus of interest to know whether the pattern of gastric emptying can be modified by nutritional means; any effects found could perhaps provide the basis for manipulation of metabolism and growth.At present little is known about whether changing specific components of the diet modifies the rate of gastric emptying in pigs given meals with a high dry matter (DM) content. The only direct comparisons have been made by Laplace et al. (1981) who found that there were minor differences in the patterns of gastric emptying of digesta, DM, starch and nitrogen from semi-purified diets containing maize or wheat starch together with fish meal or wheat gluten. These authors concluded that gastric emptying did not appear to be a major factor limiting the efficiency of nutrient use in the four diets used. There is no information on whether changes in meal size or the proportions of diet and water may affect gastric emptying in pigs. Furthermore, it is not known whether lipids or hyperosmolar amounts of sugars reduce gastric emptying rates, or whether dietary fibre (in the form of cellulo...

Nutritional Regulation of Gastric Secretion, Digestion and Emptying

“…It is important to recognize that the pattern of emptying of meals with a substantial solid content appears to be much more complicated than that of liquid meals, as noted by Laplace et al (1983); linear initial emptying patterns were found with increasing total meal size in dogs by Leib er al. (1986), and when the volume of water consumed with a meal by pigs was varied by Low et al (1985). It is clear that the emptying of solid and liquid components can follow very different patterns, as found by Hinder & Kelly (1977).…”

Effects of Dietary Fiber and Its Components on Metabolic Health

“…Studies using modified celluloses showed more consistent data. Microcrystalline cellulose has shown the ability to decrease blood glucose levels in the pig [107] and rat [108]. Complimenting this, methylcellulose had demonstrated the same effects in humans.…”

Effects of varying content of soluble dietary fibre from wheat flour and oat milling fractions on gastric emptying in pigs

“…However, continuous collection from re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum indicated more rapid gastric emptying of DM, N and starch in the first 2 h after feeding when compared with direct collection of stomach contents from a gastric cannula (Cuber et al 1980). Thus, we decided to study the effect of wheat-flour-and three oat-based diets with different /3-glucan contents on gastric emptying by collection of digesta at different periods after feeding from pigs fitted with a gastric cannula as described by Low et al (1985).…”