Gastric emptying and orocecal transit time in pregnancy

Chiloiro, Marisa; Darconza, G; E, Piccioli; Carne, Massimo De; Clemente, Caterina; Riezzo, Giuseppe

doi:10.1007/s005350170056

Cited by 165 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Carbohydrate digestion rates and gastric emptying are complex, with both intra-and interindividual variability, and in people with type 1 diabetes are further influenced by pre-meal glucose control [19]. Pregnancy adds further challenges of tight postprandial glucose control targets (<7.8 mmol/l at 1 h) as well as dynamic alterations in EGP, insulin kinetics and gastric emptying [1,20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of postprandial hyperglycaemia in women with type 1 diabetes during pregnancy

et al. 2011

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Aims/hypothesis Although maternal hyperglycaemia is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, the mechanisms of postprandial hyperglycaemia during pregnancy are poorly understood. We aimed to describe glucose turnover in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, according to stage of gestation (early vs late gestation). Methods The rates of systemic glucose appearance (R a ) and glucose disposal (R d ) were measured in ten pregnant women with type 1 diabetes during early (12-16 weeks) and late (28-32 weeks) gestation. Women ate standardised meals-a starch-rich 80 g carbohydrate dinner and a sugarrich 60 g carbohydrate breakfast-and fasted between meals and overnight. Stable-label isotope tracers ([6,6-2 H 2 ]glucose and [U-13 C]glucose) were used to determine R a , R d and glucose bioavailability. Closed-loop insulin delivery maintained stable glycaemic conditions. Results There were no changes in fasting R a (10±2 vs 11±2 μmol kg -1 min -1 ; p=0.32) or fasting R d (11±2 vs 11±1 μmol kg -1 min -1 ; p=0.77) in early vs late gestation. There was increased hepatic insulin resistance (381±237 vs 540 ± 242 μmol kg -1 min -1 × pmol/l; p = 0.04) and decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity (0.09±0.04 vs 0.05±0.02 μmol kg -1 min -1 per pmol/l dinner, 0.11±0.05 vs 0.07±0.03 μmol kg -1 min -1 per pmol/l breakfast; p=0.002) in late gestation. It also took longer for insulin levels to reach maximal concentrations (49 [37-55]

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of postprandial hyperglycaemia in women with type 1 diabetes during pregnancy

et al. 2011

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“…Gastrointestinal motility is disturbed in pregnant women because of the changes of some hormone levels in the plasma, such as estrogen (E), progesterone (P), and other gastrointestinal hormones [1,2] . Steroids, especially P and E, participate the regulation of gastrointestinal motility [3][4][5] and are involved in the pathogenesis of some functional disorders in the gut [6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of progesterone on gastric emptying and intestinal transit in male rats

Liu¹,

Chen²,

Liu³

et al. 2002

WJG

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AIM:To study the dose-dependent of progesterone (P) effect and the interaction between the oxytocin (OT) and P on gastrointestinal motility. METHODS:In order to monitor the gastric emptying and intestinal transit, the SD male rats were intubated via a catheter with normal saline (3ml/kg) containing Na 2 51 CrO 4 (0.5µ µ µ µ µCi/ml) and 10% charcoal. OT was dissolved into normal saline and P was dissolved into 75% alcohol.RESULTS: Low does of P (1mg/kg, i.p.) enhanced the gastric emptying (75±3%, P<0.05) and high dose of P (5mg/kg, i.p.) inhibit it (42±11.2%, P<0.01). P (1mg/kg) increased the intestinal transit (4.2±0.3, P<0.05) while the higher dose (10-20mg/kg) had no effect. OT (0.8mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited the gastric emptying (23.5± 9.8%, P<0.01). The inhibitory effects of P(20mg/kg) (32±9.7%, P<0.05) and OT (0.8mg/kg) on gastric emptying enhanced each other when the two chemicals were administrated simultaneously (17±9.4%, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Low dose of P increased GI motility while high dose of P decreased it. During the later period of pregnancy, elevated plasma level of OT may also participate in the gastrointestinal inhibition.Liu CY, Chen LB, Liu PY, Xie DP, Wang PS. Effects of progesterone on gastric emptying and intestinal transit in male rats. World J Gastroenterol 2002;8(2):338-341

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“…Breath hydrogen is an important, clinically relevant parameter used as an indicator of lactose intolerance [1][2][3], fructose malabsorption [4][5][6][7][8], microbial activity [9], bacterial growth [10][11][12], fibromyalgia [13], diabetic gastroparesis [14][15][16], and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis [17][18][19][20][21]. The pathogenesis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating disease due to bacterial fermentation which causes necrosis of the intestinal walls of preterm infants, results in the production of hydrogen gas which accumulates as bubbles in the sub-mucosal area of the bowel wall as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sentinel Sensor Network for Hydrogen Sensing

Grimes

Ong

Varghese

et al. 2003

Sensors

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A wireless sensor network is presented for in-situ monitoring of atmospheric hydrogen concentration. The hydrogen sensor network consists of multiple sensor nodes, equipped with titania nanotube hydrogen sensors, distributed throughout the area of interest; each node is both sensor, and data-relay station that enables extended wide area monitoring without a consequent increase of node power and thus node size. The hydrogen sensor is fabricated from a sheet of highly ordered titania nanotubes, made by anodization of a titanium thick film, to which platinum electrodes are connected. The electrical resistance of the hydrogen sensor varies from 245 Ω at 500 ppm hydrogen, to 10.23 kΩ at 0 ppm hydrogen (pure nitrogen environment). The measured resistance is converted to voltage, 0.049 V at 500 ppm to 2.046 V at 0 ppm, by interface circuitry. The microcontroller of the sensor node digitizes the voltage and transmits the digital information, using intermediate nodes as relays, to a host node that downloads measurement data to a computer for display. 70This paper describes the design and operation of the sensor network, the titania nanotube hydrogen sensors with an apparent low level resolution of approximately 0.05 ppm, and their integration in one widely useful device.

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Gastric emptying and orocecal transit time in pregnancy

Abstract: Our study shows that, despite evident dyspeptic symptoms, there were no significant alterations in gastric emptying or orocecal transit time during the first trimester of pregnancy. Conversely, in the third trimester, orocecal transit time was significantly longer.

Cited by 165 publications

References 22 publications

Pathophysiology of postprandial hyperglycaemia in women with type 1 diabetes during pregnancy

Pathophysiology of postprandial hyperglycaemia in women with type 1 diabetes during pregnancy

Effects of progesterone on gastric emptying and intestinal transit in male rats

A Sentinel Sensor Network for Hydrogen Sensing

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