Gastric Cancer: Basic Aspects

Abstract

The worldwide incidence and mortality of gastric cancer (GC) remain high, and new concepts for diagnosis and treatment are needed. In this review, we summarize recent studies that applied next-generation sequencing approaches and also report the latest development in microRNA research. Two recently published studies identified somatic mutations in ARID1A gene in GC using exome sequencing. On the other hand, dysregulation of micro-RNA expression can alter processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. These novel markers may prove to be useful in earlier diagnosis and as prognostic or predictive markers in patients with GC .Gastric cancer (GC) is currently the fourth most common cancer worldwide, and 8% of the newly diagnosed cancer cases are malignancies of the stomach. Over 700,000 people die each year from GC, which makes it the second leading cause for cancer-related deaths [1]. GC is an asymptomatic disease at early stages and is therefore often detected late; the 5-year survival being only 20-30% [2]. As treatment modalities are limited, new approaches for diagnosis and treatment are necessary. This review focuses on recent discoveries by using next-generation sequencing and novel insights in the field of microRNA biology in GC.

A functional HOTAIR rs920778 polymorphism does not contributes to gastric cancer in a Turkish population: a case–control study

“…Although H. pylori infection has been shown to exist in 40-80 % of people, just\3 % of infected people develop GC throughout their lifetime, supporting a crucial role for a genetic factor in gastric carcinogenesis [3]. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common class of genetic susceptibility factors for gastric carcinogenesis [4]. Therefore, identification of functional SNPs may result in the enhanced estimate of GC susceptibility and ensure the earlier application of clinical strategies to reduce mortality percentage of GC [5].…”

Gastric microbiota and carcinogenesis: the role of non-Helicobacter pylori bacteria - A systematic review

“…Today, H. pylori is clearly identified as the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer (7,8), the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide (9,10).…”

miR-218 tissue expression level is associated with aggressive progression of gastric cancer

“…Despite recent advances in diagnostic methods, surgical technique, and new chemotherapy regimens, the long-term survival rate for gastric cancer remains relatively low (Katada et al, 2009;Thiel and Ristimäki, 2012). In many patients, this cancer is diagnosed at an advanced stage, with extensive invasion and lymphatic metastasis already having occurred.…”