GASA Proteins: Review of Their Functions in Plant Environmental Stress Tolerance

Bouteraa, Mohamed Taieb; Romdhane, Walid Ben; Baazaoui, Narjes; Alfaifi, Mohammad Y.; Chouaibi, Yosra; Akacha, Boutheina Ben; Hsouna, Anis Ben; Kačániová, Miroslava; Zeljković, Sanja Ćavar; Garzoli, Stefania; Saad, Rania Ben

doi:10.3390/plants12102045

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Most GASA genes are involved in the regulation of the GA pathway [ 30 , 68 ], with their expression levels being controlled by GA [ 41 , 69 ]. For example, GAST1 in tomato, SmGASA4 in Salvia miltiorrhiza , GIP1/2/4/5 in petunia, OsGSR1 in rice, GmGASA32 in soybean, ZmGSL2/4/6 and ZmGSL9 in maize, CcGASA7/10/15 in citrus, and MdGASA18 in apple were upregulated by GA. Conversely, GASA1/5/9 in Arabidopsis , CcGAS13/16/17 in citrus, MdGASA8/11/26 in apple, and Snakin-1 in potato were downregulated [ 31 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 64 , 70 , 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GASA Protein Family Gene, CmGEG, Inhibits Petal Growth in Chrysanthemum

He,

Jiang,

Wang

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The diversity in the petal morphology of chrysanthemums makes this species an excellent model for investigating the regulation mechanisms of petal size. However, our understanding of the molecular regulation of petal growth in chrysanthemums remains limited. The GASA (gibberellic acid [GA]-stimulated Arabidopsis) protein plays a significant role in various aspects of plant growth and development. Previous studies have indicated that GEG (a gerbera homolog of the gibberellin-stimulated transcript 1 [GAST1] from tomato) is involved in regulating ray petal growth by inhibiting cell expansion in gerberas. In this study, we successfully cloned the GASA family gene from chrysanthemums, naming it CmGEG, which shares 81.4% homology with GEG. Our spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that CmGEG is expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression levels observed in the ray florets, particularly during the later stages of development. Through transformation experiments, we demonstrated that CmGEG inhibits petal elongation in chrysanthemums. Further observations indicated that CmGEG restricts cell elongation in the top, middle, and basal regions of the petals. To investigate the relationship between CmGEG and GA in petal growth, we conducted a hormone treatment assay using detached chrysanthemum petals. Our results showed that GA promotes petal elongation while downregulating CmGEG expression. In conclusion, the constrained growth of chrysanthemum petals may be attributed to the inhibition of cell elongation by CmGEG, a process regulated by GA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GASA Protein Family Gene, CmGEG, Inhibits Petal Growth in Chrysanthemum

He,

Jiang,

Wang

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…Plant GASA proteins are widely reported in diverse plant species and well recognized for their vital roles in plant hormone signaling, plant organ growth and development, abiotic stress responses, and biotic stress defenses [22,23]. However, in many plant species, the functional roles of GASA genes are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and Comprehensive Analysis of the GASA Gene Family in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Abiotic Stress

Syed Nabi,

Lee,

Cho

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally cultivated crop of significant economic and nutritional importance. The role of gibberellic-acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) family genes is well established in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, there is a gap in understanding the function of GASA proteins in cultivated peanuts, particularly in response to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. Thus, we conducted comprehensive in silico analyses to identify and verify the existence of 40 GASA genes (termed AhGASA) in cultivated peanuts. Subsequently, we conducted biological experiments and performed expression analyses of selected AhGASA genes to elucidate their potential regulatory roles in response to drought and salinity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AhGASA genes could be categorized into four distinct subfamilies. Under normal growth conditions, selected AhGASA genes exhibited varying expressions in young peanut seedling leaves, stems, and roots tissues. Notably, our findings indicate that certain AhGASA genes were downregulated under drought stress but upregulated under salt stress. These results suggest that specific AhGASA genes are involved in the regulation of salt or drought stress. Further functional characterization of the upregulated genes under both drought and salt stress will be essential to confirm their regulatory roles in this context. Overall, our findings provide compelling evidence of the involvement of AhGASA genes in the mechanisms of stress tolerance in cultivated peanuts. This study enhances our understanding of the functions of AhGASA genes in response to abiotic stress and lays the groundwork for future investigations into the molecular characterization of AhGASA genes.

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“…Most studies have focused on the benefits of plant-derived phytochemical compounds and their positive effects on human health. Naturally derived additives from plants may be single compounds or groups of compounds (mixtures), as in the case of EOs [12][13][14][15][16]. Recently, the food industry has shown great interest in natural compounds added directly or in combination with other compounds to achieve a synergistic effect [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia sclarea Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Biological Activities and Preservative Effects against Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated into Minced Beef Meat

Ben Akacha,

Ben Hsouna,

Generalić Mekinić

et al. 2023

Plants

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In this study, Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia sclarea essential oils (EOs) were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to describe their chemical composition. The obtained results show, for both EOs, a profile rich in terpene metabolites, with monoterpenes predominating sesquiterpenes but with significant qualitative and quantitative differences. The main compound found in the Salvia officinalis EO (SOEO) was camphor (19.0%), while in Salvia sclarea EO (SCEO), it was linalyl acetate (59.3%). Subsequently, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the EOs against eight pathogenic strains was evaluated. The disc diffusion method showed a significant lysis zone against Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 3.7 mg/mL to 11.2 mg/mL, indicating that each EO has specific antimicrobial activity. Both EOs also showed significant antiradical activity against DPPH radicals and total antioxidant activity. In addition, the preservative effect of SOEO (9.2%) and SCEO (9.2%), alone or in combination, was tested in ground beef, and the inhibitory effect against Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into the raw ground beef during cold storage was evaluated. Although the effect of each individual EO improved the biochemical, microbiological, and sensory parameters of the samples, their combination was more effective and showed complete inhibition of L. monocytogenes after 7 days of storage at 4 °C. The results show that both EOs could be used as safe and natural preservatives in various food and/or pharmaceutical products.

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GASA Proteins: Review of Their Functions in Plant Environmental Stress Tolerance

Cited by 13 publications

References 110 publications

A GASA Protein Family Gene, CmGEG, Inhibits Petal Growth in Chrysanthemum

A GASA Protein Family Gene, CmGEG, Inhibits Petal Growth in Chrysanthemum

Genome-Wide Identification and Comprehensive Analysis of the GASA Gene Family in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Abiotic Stress

Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia sclarea Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Biological Activities and Preservative Effects against Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated into Minced Beef Meat

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