Gas plasma effects on polymer surfaces

Westerdahl, Carolyn A. L.; Hall, J. R.; Schramm, Eleanor C.; Levi, David W.

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(74)90238-0

Cited by 66 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Plasma action is limited to the 10 nmthick surface layer and does not affect the bulk of the material. [5][6][7][8][9][10] The physical effects of plasma include surface cleaning (removing low-molecular components that have migrated to the surface), etching, smoothing or roughening, whereas chemical surface modification may involve crosslinking, branching, activation, and attachment of chemical groups. Depending on the treatment conditions such as type of gas, Figure 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main outcome of plasma treatment is surface cleaning, microetching, and surface activation (attachment of chemical groups, modification of surface charge, increasing the surface's free energy, enhancing wettability). [5][6][7][8][9][10] In recent years, porous scaffolds from poly(L/DLlactide) 80/20%, mainly microporous membranes and sponges, have been used to treat critical-size bone defects [11][12][13][14][15] and to culture osteogenic cells, 16,17 chondrocytes, 18 and fibroblasts. 19 It has been found that these scaffolds facilitate bone regeneration and support attachment, growth, and activity of cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attachment, growth, and activity of rat osteoblasts on polylactide membranes treated with various low‐temperature radiofrequency plasmas

Gugala

Gogolewski

2005

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Nonporous and porous membranes from poly(L/DL-lactide) 80/20% were treated with low-temperature oxygen, ammonia, or sulphur dioxide-hydrogen plasmas and the late effects of plasma treatment on physicochemical characteristics of the membranes' surface were analyzed. The plasma treatment resulted in the permanent attachment of sulphur and nitrogen functionalities to the membrane's surface, and increased the surface concentration of oxygen, thereby increasing the surface wettability. To assess whether the plasma treatment affects the cellular response, primary rat osteoblasts were cultured on nontreated and plasma-treated nonporous and microporous membranes, and attachment, growth, and activity of cells were investigated. It was found that attachment and growth of osteoblasts on all the plasma-treated membranes were greater compared with nontreated controls. The treatment with ammonia plasma was most efficacious. The beneficial effects of plasma treatment on cells were most pronounced for microporous polylactide membranes irrespective of the plasma used. The results of the study suggest that the treatment of porous polylactide structures with plasma can be an effective means of enhancing their suitability for tissue engineering. Plasma exposure may also have an advantageous effect on bone healing when polylactide membranes are used to treat bone defects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment, growth, and activity of rat osteoblasts on polylactide membranes treated with various low‐temperature radiofrequency plasmas

Gugala

Gogolewski

2005

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…Hence, the increase in surface energy (c s ) is mainly due to incorporation of polar groups on to the PVDF and PMMA surfaces. The wettability and hence surface energy of PVDF and PMMA films is increased because of interaction between the hydrogen bond and dipoles in the vertical direction of interface [52]. The values of contact angle, polar (c s p ) and disperse (c s d ) components of solid surface free energy, and S.E.…”

Section: Esca Analysis Of Plasma-treated Pvdf and Pmma Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface characterization of air plasma treated poly vinylidene fluoride and poly methyl methacrylate films

Pawde

Deshmukh

2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this investigation, the surface modification of poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) film induced by air plasma has been investigated using contact angle measurement, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. Plasma treatment affects the polymer surfaces to an extent of several hundreds to several thousand angstroms deep, and the bulk properties of the polymer substrate are never modified because of its low penetration range. Plasma surface treatment also offers the advantage of greater chemical flexibility. The plasma exposure leads to weight loss and changes in the chemical composition of the polymer film surfaces. The contact angle of water shows decrease in surface wettability of PVDF and PMMA as the treatment time increases. The improvement in adhesion was studied by measuring T‐peel strength. In addition, printability of plasma treated PVDF and PMMA was studied by cross test method. It was found that printability increases considerably for plasma treatment of short duration. Surface energy and surface roughness can be directly correlated to the improvement in the aforementioned surface related properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…This is a relatively simple, rapid, and dry method that has been used to modify the surface of different substrates. Though it was originally implemented to modify the surface of polymeric substrates, 14,15 this technique has been successfully used during the last decade for the surface modification of different filler particles, such as; zinc, iron, and aluminum oxide nanoparticles, nanoclays, and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and nanotubes. 1,[16][17][18][19] The mechanism of plasma polymerization tends to be a radical polymerization process, 20,21 especially when the plasma power is high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of CNFs via plasma polymerization of styrene monomer and its effect on the properties of PS/CNF nanocomposites

Ramos-deValle¹,

Neira‐Velázquez²,

Hernández‐Hernández³

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Carbon nanofibers (CNF) were modified via plasma assisted polymerization in a specially designed reactor. The effect of the plasma reactor conditions, such as power and time, on the extent of the CNFs modification was examined. Polystyrene (PS) coated nanofibers plus PS polymer were then processed in a Brabender torque rheometer mixing chamber to obtain PS/ CNF nanocomposites, with 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt % of CNF. The effect of the plasma treatment on the dispersion of the nanofibers and on the compatibility between the nanofibers and the polymer matrix was also examined. Modification of the CNFs was assessed by measuring the contact angle of water in a ''bed'' of nanofibers and by examining its dispersion in several solvents. The morphology of PS/CNF nanocomposites was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Contact angles decreased in all cases, indicating a change in hydrophobicity of the modified CNFs. This change was confirmed in the CNF dispersion tests in several solvents. SEM micrographs show the difference between the original and the PS coated CNF. In addition, fractured samples show the effect of this treatment, in the sense that the CNF seem to be completely embedded in the polymer matrix, which clearly indicates the high compatibility between the PS and the modified (PS coated) CNF. As a consequence, a much better dispersion of the treated CNF was observed. Finally, the tensile modulus of PS/CNF composites increased slightly with respect to PS when using untreated CNFs, but more than doubled when using plasma treated CNFs.

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Gas plasma effects on polymer surfaces

Cited by 66 publications

References 4 publications

Attachment, growth, and activity of rat osteoblasts on polylactide membranes treated with various low‐temperature radiofrequency plasmas

Attachment, growth, and activity of rat osteoblasts on polylactide membranes treated with various low‐temperature radiofrequency plasmas

Surface characterization of air plasma treated poly vinylidene fluoride and poly methyl methacrylate films

Surface modification of CNFs via plasma polymerization of styrene monomer and its effect on the properties of PS/CNF nanocomposites

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