Gas–particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs in Nagoya urban air, Japan

Kadowaki, Shigenori; Naitoh, Hirotaka

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.056

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The mass concentrations of PM determined in this study were almost at the same level as those measured in earlier studies in Beijing, China (Zhao et al, 2005), Guangzhou, China (Duan et al, 2007), and some Indian cities (Sharma and Maloo, 2005). However, the PM mass concentrations in this study were much higher than those reported in Shanghai, China , the Czech Republic (Okonski et al, 2014), Nagoya, Japan (Kadowaki and Naitoh, 2005), Western Europe and North America (Sharma and Maloo, 2005) and Illmitz, Austria (Barmpadimos et al, 2012).…”

Section: Quality Assurance/quality Controlcontrasting

confidence: 54%

Gas and particle size distributions of polychlorinated naphthalenes in the atmosphere of Beijing, China

Zhu

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tPolychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were listed as persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention in 2015. Despite numerous studies on PCNs, little is known about their occurrence in atmospheric particulate matter of different sizes. In this study, 49 PCN congeners were investigated for their concentrations and size-specific distributions in an urban atmosphere, and preliminary exposure assessments were conducted. Ambient air samples were collected using a high-volume cascade impactor for division into a gas fraction and four particle size fractions. Samples were collected from October 2013 to June 2014 at an urban site in Beijing, China. The concentration range for PCNs in the atmosphere (gas þ particle fractions) was 6.77e25.90 pg/m 3 (average 16.28 pg/m 3 ). The particle-bound concentration range was 0.17e2.78 pg/m 3 (average 1.73 pg/m 3 ). Therefore, PCNs were mainly found in the gas phase.The concentrations of PCNs in a fraction increased as the particle size decreased (d ae > 10 mm, 10 mm ! d ae > 2.5 mm, 2.5 mm ! d ae > 1.0 mm and d ae 1.0 mm). Consequently, PCNs were ubiquitous in inhalable fine particles, and the SPCNs associated with PM 1.0 and PM 2.5 reached 68.4% and 84.3%, respectively. Tetra-CNs and penta-CNs (the lower chlorinated homologues) predominated in the atmosphere. The homologue profiles in different size particles were almost similar, but the particulate profiles were different from those in the gas phase. Among the individual PCNs identified, CN38/40, CN52/60 and CN75 were the dominant compounds in the atmosphere. CN66/67 and CN73 collectively accounted for most of the total dioxin-like TEQ concentrations of the PCNs. Exposure to toxic compounds, such as PCNs present in PM 1.0 or PM 2.5 , may affect human health. This work presents the first data on size-specific distributions of PCNs in the atmosphere.

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Section: Quality Assurance/quality Controlcontrasting

confidence: 54%

Gas and particle size distributions of polychlorinated naphthalenes in the atmosphere of Beijing, China

Zhu

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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“…2. Although gas/particle partitioning of PCDD/F compounds varies in relation to many factors, PCDD/F compounds generally showed a tendency of existing in particle phase in higher percentages (Turpin et al, 1991;Kurokawa et al, 1998;Lohmann et al, 2000a;Correa et al, 2004;Kadowaki and Naitoh, 2005;Lee et al, 2008). Gas and particle phase concentrations of PCDD congeners were measured to be 19 fg m À3 and 642 fg m À3 , respectively; while those for PCDFs were measured to be 114 fg m À3 and 964 fg m À3 , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although PCDD/F compounds found both in gas and particle phases in the atmosphere (Hites and Harless, 1991;Hippelein et al, 1996), they generally showed a tendency of existing in particle phase in higher percentages (Turpin et al, 1991;Kurokawa et al, 1998;Lohmann et al, 2000a;Correa et al, 2004;Kadowaki and Naitoh, 2005;Lee et al, 2008). Gas/particle partitioning of these compounds influences their environmental fate and behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For a given congener, the fraction in gas phase increases with increasing ambient temperature and decreases with increasing particle concentration (Foreman and Bidleman, 1987;Pankow, 1987;Lee et al, 2008 Chlorination level and molecular weight are other important properties affecting the gas/particle ratio. Numerous studies have shown that particle phase concentration increases with increasing chlorination level (Eitzer and Hites, 1989;Lee and Jones, 1999;Lohmann et al, 2000a,b;Oh et al, 2001;Park and Kim, 2002;Chao et al, 2004;Correa et al, 2004;Kadowaki and Naitoh, 2005;Li et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Gas/particle partitioning of PCDD/F compounds in the atmosphere of Istanbul

et al. 2015

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“…Contaminants in the air can affect the health of organisms through respiration (Li et al 2008a). Therefore, numerous studies have focused on monitoring of atmospheric PCDD/Fs around the world (Aristizabal et al 2011;Bruckmann et al 2013;Chang et al 2003;Colombo et al 2013;Gunes et al 2014;Kadowaki and Naitoh 2005;Menichini et al 2007;Raun et al 2005;Shin et al 2011;Vilavert et al 2014). Previous studies on PCDD/Fs in China have focused on atmospheric PCDD/F concentrations in Chinese urban areas such as Beijing (Li et al 2008b), Guangzhou (Ren et al 2007;Yu et al 2006), Shanghai (Li et al 2008a), Tianjin (Ding et al 2013;Ding et al 2012), and Hong Kong (Sin et al 2002), and the results have been used to evaluate PCDD/Fs contamination in the local area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive air sampling for determining the levels of ambient PCDD/Fs and their seasonal and spatial variations and inhalation risk in Shanghai, China

Tian

Nie

Tian

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The seasonal and spatial variations, compositional profiles, and possible sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in ambient air samples in Shanghai of China were investigated by passive air samplers, and the potential inhalation risks posed by these chemicals were evaluated. The following results were obtained: (1) The World Health Organization (WHO) toxic equivalency (TEQ) values for PCDD/Fs were in the range of 10.8-259 fg m(-3) (mean 63.4 fg m(-3)) in summer and 24.1-154 fg m(-3) (mean 83.4 fg m(-3)) in winter. Atmospheric PCDD/F levels were in the following order: industrial areas > commercial and residential areas > rural areas. (2) 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF (24 %), 2,3,7,8-TeCDD (16 %), 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD (13 %), and 2,3,7,8-TeCDF (12 %) were the predominant contributors to the TEQ of PCDD/Fs. (3) There was a slight seasonal trend with higher TEQ values in winter than in summer, which could be related to seasonal variations in the dispersion of PCDD/Fs in ambient air. (4) The children's daily intake was at the lower end of the range for the tolerable daily intake of PCDD/Fs recommended by WHO, which indicates that the inhalation risk of PCDD/Fs for local residents in Shanghai is relatively low.

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Gas–particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs in Nagoya urban air, Japan

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Gas and particle size distributions of polychlorinated naphthalenes in the atmosphere of Beijing, China

Gas and particle size distributions of polychlorinated naphthalenes in the atmosphere of Beijing, China

Gas/particle partitioning of PCDD/F compounds in the atmosphere of Istanbul

Passive air sampling for determining the levels of ambient PCDD/Fs and their seasonal and spatial variations and inhalation risk in Shanghai, China

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