Gas–liquid flow in T-junction microfluidic devices with a new perpendicular rupturing flow route

Droplet formation in microfluidic cross-junctions

“…The power-law behavior was also experimentally observed by Tan and his co-workers in microfluidic cross-junction 18 and T-junction, 58 where the formation of plugs occurred in the squeezing (DCJ) regime. Christopher et al 26 found that, in both squeezing and dripping regimes, the droplet volume exhibits a power-law dependence on the capillary number with a power-law exponent approximately equal to 0.3 at low viscosity ratio (k 1=50).…”

Formation characteristics of Taylor bubbles in a microchannel with a converging shape mixing junction

“…(5)) to predict droplet size that depends on Ca and shear rate. Tan et al [30] derived Eq. (6) to predict the bubble length considering the influence of the angle of gas and liquid inlet channels, gas-liquid flow ratio (j G /j L ) and Ca.…”

Microfluidic methods to study emulsion formation

“…And in the jetting regime, droplet size suddenly decreases with increasing flow rate ratio (Chen et al 2012). The flow rate ratio influences the detachment point, which moves further away from the injection point going from dripping, to squeezing, to jetting (Chen et al 2012;Gupta et al 2009;Liu & Zhang 2009;Tan et al 2009;Tice et al 2004;Wehking et al 2013;Xu, Luo, et al 2006). As expected, the frequency of droplet production increased with the flow rate ratio ).…”

“…The break-up mechanism is different from that in T-junctions, leading to smaller droplets (Steegmans, Schroën, et al 2009a); interestingly their size was not influenced by the angle of the junction (Steegmans, Schroën, et al 2010;Yeom & Lee 2011a). For bubbles, it was reported that bubble volume decreased with increasing junction angle, which was attributed to differences in the initial width of the neck (Fries & Rudolf von Rohr 2009;Tan et al 2009). …”

“…The interfacial tension keeps droplets from detaching; at equal shear but lower interfacial tension, smaller droplets are obtained (the droplet size scales with the capillary number) (Bashir et al 2014;Tan et al 2009). The interfacial tension can be lowered by the adsorption of surface-active ingredients, or by adjusting the composition of the phases (i.e., addition of alcohol to the aqueous phase).…”