Gas hydrates: importance and applications in petroleum exploration

Grauls, D.

doi:10.1016/s0264-8172(00)00075-1

Cited by 74 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Ketika gas dan air mencapai fasa kesetimbangan, maka hidrat akan mengkristal mengahasilkan penyekat (seal) untuk gas bebas yang datang dari bagian bawah lapisan tersebut. Penyekat ini sangat tidak stabil dan ketebalannya akan berubah-ubah tergantung pada evolusi geologi cekungan dan perbandingan pada saat terjadinya pengendapan sedimen maupun erosinya (Grauls, 2001). …”

Section: Gas Hidratunclassified

Indikasi Keberadaan Gas Hidrat Pada Cekungan Busur Muka Simeulue Dan Potensinya Sebagai Sumber Energi Masa Depan

Triarso

Troa

2016

Jurnal Kelautan Nasional

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ABSTRAKGas hidrat merupakan gas metana (CH4) yang bersenyawa dengan air membentuk padatan kristal es pada temperatur dan tekanan tertentu sehingga pada kristal es ini mengandung molekul CH4 di dalam rongga molekul air (H2O). Keberadaan gas hidrat diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber energi baru masa depan. Cekungan Busur Muka (Cekungan) Simeulue memiliki kondisi tektonik dengan akumulasi sedimen laut dalam yang tebal sertadiindikasikan memiliki temperatur dan tekanan yang memungkinkan bagi terbentuknya zona stabilitas gas hidrat (Gas Hydrate Stability Zone-GHSZ).Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan identifikasi keberadaan gas hidrat melalui interpretasi pada penampang seismik Cekungan Simeulue. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah melakukan pengolahan data seismik (seismic data processing) untuk menghasilkan penampang bawah permukaan dasar laut yang dapat memberikan gambaran struktur geologi dan perlapisan sedimen dengan cukup detail dan akurat. Karakteristik bottom simulating reflector(BSR) pada penampang seismik merupakan indikasi utama keberadaan gashidrat di dalam lapisan sedimen dasar laut. Data primer yang digunakan adalah hasil survei akuisisi seismik multichannel 2-Dpada 3 lintasan di Cekungan Simeulue. Survei seismik ini merupakan hasil kerjasama riset kelautan Indonesia-Jerman SEACAUSE II pada tahun 2006 di perairan barat Sumatera yang berhasil mendapatkan data pada 43 lintasan seismik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, BSR sebagai indikasi keberadaaan gas hidrat ditemukan pada 3 lintasan seismik pada Cekungan Simeulue yaitu lintasan BGR06-136, BGR06-137, dan BGR06-139 dengan karakteristik membentuk lensa, sejajar ataupun memotong horison perlapisan sedimen. Katakunci: Gas hidrat, penampang seismik, bottom simulating reflector (BSR),Cekungan Busur Muka Simeulue with the characteristic shape the lens, parallel or cutting horizon of the sedimentary layers. ABSTRACT Gas hydrate is methane (CH4) compounds react with water to form solid ice crystals at certain temperature and pressure and these ice crystals contains CH4 molecules inside the cavity molecules of water (H2O). The presence of gas hydrate is expected to be used as a new energy resource in the future. The tectonic conditions of Simeulue forearcbasin (Basin) has an accumulation of thick deepsea sediment that can be estimated to have a certain temperature and pressure being is possible to form gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ

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Section: Gas Hidratunclassified

Indikasi Keberadaan Gas Hidrat Pada Cekungan Busur Muka Simeulue Dan Potensinya Sebagai Sumber Energi Masa Depan

Triarso

Troa

2016

Jurnal Kelautan Nasional

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“…The prognosis for methane hydrate mining is that methane hydrates could supply perhaps 10% of global methane consumption in the coming decades, by analogy to coal-bed methane 30 years ago (Grauls, 2001;Kerr, 2004). Methane hydrates could be a significant source of fossil energy, but not limitless as might be inferred from the large estimates of total methane inventory in the global hydrate reservoir, since most of the hydrates are probably impractical to extract.…”

Section: Hydrates As Fossil Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possibility of geological hazard from methane drilling has been discussed in a general way (Kvenvolden, 1999;Grauls, 2001;Chatti et al, 2005) but the likelihood of methane extraction causing slope instability still seems rather speculative. Some have considered replacing CH 4 hydrates with CO 2 hydrates, sequestering CO 2 and maintaining the stability of the continental slope in the process (Warzinski and Holder, 1998).…”

Section: Hydrates As Fossil Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane hydrate stability and anthropogenic climate change

2007

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Abstract. Methane frozen into hydrate makes up a large reservoir of potentially volatile carbon below the sea floor and associated with permafrost soils. This reservoir intuitively seems precarious, because hydrate ice floats in water, and melts at Earth surface conditions. The hydrate reservoir is so large that if 10% of the methane were released to the atmosphere within a few years, it would have an impact on the Earth's radiation budget equivalent to a factor of 10 increase in atmospheric CO 2 .Hydrates are releasing methane to the atmosphere today in response to anthropogenic warming, for example along the Arctic coastline of Siberia. However most of the hydrates are located at depths in soils and ocean sediments where anthropogenic warming and any possible methane release will take place over time scales of millennia. Individual catastrophic releases like landslides and pockmark explosions are too small to reach a sizable fraction of the hydrates. The carbon isotopic excursion at the end of the Paleocene has been interpreted as the release of thousands of Gton C, possibly from hydrates, but the time scale of the release appears to have been thousands of years, chronic rather than catastrophic.The potential climate impact in the coming century from hydrate methane release is speculative but could be comparable to climate feedbacks from the terrestrial biosphere and from peat, significant but not catastrophic. On geologic timescales, it is conceivable that hydrates could release as much carbon to the atmosphere/ocean system as we do by fossil fuel combustion.

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“…Gas hydrate reservoirs, which are distributed in the sediments of active and passive continental slope margins, as well as in terrestrial (i.e., permafrost) regions (38), are a proposed fossil fuel energy source (10). Additionally, the estimated global volume of submarine methane hydrates exceeds 10 16 m 3 (7,10), highlighting the impact of hydrates on global carbon cycling, climate conditions, and seafloor stability (16,18,28,31,35). The formation of gas hydrates is dependent upon suitable gas, temperature, and pressure conditions (reviewed in reference 38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Microbial Community Structure in Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrates: Comparative Analysis of DNA- and RNA-Derived Clone Libraries

Mills

Martinez

Story

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

133

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The characterization of microbial assemblages within solid gas hydrate, especially those that may be physiologically active under in situ hydrate conditions, is essential to gain a better understanding of the effects and contributions of microbial activities in Gulf of Mexico (GoM) hydrate ecosystems. In this study, the composition of the Bacteria and Archaea communities was determined by 16S rRNA phylogenetic analyses of clone libraries derived from RNA and DNA extracted from sediment-entrained hydrate (SEH) and interior hydrate (IH). The hydrate was recovered from an exposed mound located in the northern GoM continental slope with a hydrate chipper designed for use on the manned-submersible Johnson Sea Link (water depth, 550 m). Previous geochemical analyses indicated that there was increased metabolic activity in the SEH compared to the IH layer (B. N. Orcutt, A. Boetius, S. K. Lugo, I. R. Macdonald, V. A. Samarkin, and S. Joye, Chem. Geol. 205:239-251). Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-and DNA-derived clones indicated that there was greater diversity in the SEH libraries than in the IH libraries. A majority of the clones obtained from the metabolically active fraction of the microbial community were most closely related to putative sulfate-reducing bacteria and anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea. Several novel bacterial and archaeal phylotypes for which there were no previously identified closely related cultured isolates were detected in the RNA-and DNA-derived clone libraries. This study was the first phylogenetic analysis of the metabolically active fraction of the microbial community extant in the distinct SEH and IH layers of GoM gas hydrate.Marine gas hydrates, which are ice-like crystalline solids, are composed of rigid water molecules with trapped gas molecules, primarily methane and other hydrocarbons. Gas hydrate reservoirs, which are distributed in the sediments of active and passive continental slope margins, as well as in terrestrial (i.e., permafrost) regions (38), are a proposed fossil fuel energy source (10). Additionally, the estimated global volume of submarine methane hydrates exceeds 10 16 m 3 (7, 10), highlighting the impact of hydrates on global carbon cycling, climate conditions, and seafloor stability (16,18,28,31,35). The formation of gas hydrates is dependent upon suitable gas, temperature, and pressure conditions (reviewed in reference 38). Geological and chemical conditions in the northern continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) promote the formation of gas hydrates where seepage of hydrocarbon gases forms extensive surface-breaching mounds on the seafloor, as well as vast veinfilling hydrates in hemipelagic sediments (27).Geochemical characteristics, including gas composition and isotopic ratios of surface breaching hydrate, in the GoM have been well documented (19,33,34,38). Growth and dissolution of GoM hydrate mounds have also been observed, with changes in mound size and shape evident over a period of months (19). Such hydrate growth patterns increase fluid and solid (i.e....

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Gas hydrates: importance and applications in petroleum exploration

Cited by 74 publications

References 1 publication

Indikasi Keberadaan Gas Hidrat Pada Cekungan Busur Muka Simeulue Dan Potensinya Sebagai Sumber Energi Masa Depan

Indikasi Keberadaan Gas Hidrat Pada Cekungan Busur Muka Simeulue Dan Potensinya Sebagai Sumber Energi Masa Depan

Methane hydrate stability and anthropogenic climate change

Characterization of Microbial Community Structure in Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrates: Comparative Analysis of DNA- and RNA-Derived Clone Libraries

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