Gas entrainment by plunging liquid jets

Biń, A. K.

doi:10.1016/0009-2509(93)81019-r

Cited by 292 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…This is important since air entrainment has been shown to be a function of the length of the free jet [Biń, 1993]. However, since we used a low-pressure-drop method to obtain measurements of the entrained air volume, pressure within the column should have remained constant (at ambient atmospheric pressure) for the duration of the experiments; therefore, we deem it unlikely that the water level in the column changed significantly during the experiments designed to measure air entrainment.…”

Section: Air Entrainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the seawater temperature dependence of the sea spray aerosol generated by a continuous plunging jet

et al. 2014

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Key Points:• Particle concentrations decreased as seawater temperature increased to ∼9°C • Bubbles with r film < 2 mm decreased as seawater temperature increased to ∼9°C• Particle concentration was correlated with bubble density at the water surface Abstract Breaking waves on the ocean surface produce bubbles which, upon bursting, deliver seawater constituents into the atmosphere as sea spray aerosol particles. One way of investigating this process in the laboratory is to generate a bubble plume by a continuous plunging jet. We performed a series of laboratory experiments to elucidate the role of seawater temperature on aerosol production from artificial seawater free from organic contamination using a plunging jet. The seawater temperature was varied from −1.3• C to 30.1 • C, while the volume of air entrained by the jet, surface bubble size distributions, and size distribution of the aerosol particles produced was monitored. We observed that the volume of air entrained decreased as the seawater temperature was increased. The number of surface bubbles with film radius smaller than 2 mm decreased nonlinearly with seawater temperature. This decrease was coincident with a substantial reduction in particle production. The number concentrations of particles with dry diameter less than ∼1 m decreased substantially as the seawater temperature was increased from −1.3With further increase in seawater temperature (up to 30• C), a small increase in the number concentration of larger particles (dry diameter >∼0.3 m) was observed. Based on these observations, we infer that as seawater temperature increases, the process of bubble fragmentation changes, resulting in decreased air entrainment by the plunging jet, as well as the number of bubbles with film radius smaller than 2 mm. This again results in decreased particle production with increasing seawater temperature.

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Section: Air Entrainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of reviews on air entrainment by plunging jets have been conducted [e.g., Biń, 1993;Chanson, 1997;Kiger and Duncan, 2012]; however, understanding of air entrainment processes remains limited. In the context of laboratory sea spray aerosol studies, two major points should be borne in mind.…”

Section: Air Entrainment By Plunging Jetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the seawater temperature dependence of the sea spray aerosol generated by a continuous plunging jet

et al. 2014

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“…Figure 3 illustrates the evolution of the flow generated by a plunging jet as the flux increases and the fluid depth H is held constant. We note that the flux of the impacting jet is not sufficiently high to entrain air 30,31 . Initially (Figure 3a), the plunging jet induces a slight circular deflection, perceptible only from an oblique angle, and the subsurface flow is predominantly radial.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

The hydraulic bump: The surface signature of a plunging jet

Labousse

Bush

2013

Physics of Fluids

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When a falling jet of fluid strikes a horizontal fluid layer, a hydraulic jump arises downstream of the point of impact provided a critical flow rate is exceeded. We here examine a phenomenon that arises below this jump threshold, a circular deflection of relatively small amplitude on the free surface, that we call the hydraulic bump. The form of the circular bump can be simply understood in terms of the underlying vortex structure and its height simply deduced with Bernoulli arguments. As the incoming flux increases, a breaking of axial symmetry leads to polygonal hydraulic bumps. The relation between this polygonal instability and that arising in the hydraulic jump is discussed. The coexistence of hydraulic jumps and bumps can give rise to striking nested structures with polygonal jumps bound within polygonal bumps. The absence of a pronounced surface signature on the hydraulic bump indicates the dominant influence of the subsurface vorticity on its instability.PACS numbers: 47.20.Ma, 47.32.cd,

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“…Entrainment inside a pool, beneath a plunging liquid jet, plays a favorable role in aeration process of chemical reactors . This process is often used in wastewater treatment plants and has several other industrial applications, such as gas–liquid mixing and reactions and operation of jet propulsion vehicles (navy vessels) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is of utmost importance to understand the process of entrainment before controlling it, either in favorable or opposing direction. Literature is found to be rich in single vertical jet impingements and a descriptive account of this process is available. The critical velocity of the liquid jet for the inception of entrainment depends on the dimensions of the jet and the disturbances present on its surface .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Inclined and Dual Jet Impingement in Stagnant Liquid and Stratified Layers

2018

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Different configurations of bubble entrainment have been explored inside a liquid pool resulting from the impact of plunging jets. Impingement of an inclined jet and the subsequent asymmetries are studied in present effort. The aberrations from the symmetric case have been realized in the genesis of the entrainment, including the formation and collapse of the annular cavity developed immediately after the impact. Furthermore, the three-dimensional association of bubble population has been found to be skewed in the direction of inertia of liquid jets. The density of bubbles along a particular azimuthal plane has been tracked to quantify the intensity of entrainment in case of jet-jet interaction at different configurations. Toward the end, impingement of different fluid jets on a stratified kerosene-water layer is illustrated and complex interfacial shapes are described as an assemblage of emulsions, encapsulations, and liquid fingers.

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Gas entrainment by plunging liquid jets

Cited by 292 publications

References 82 publications

On the seawater temperature dependence of the sea spray aerosol generated by a continuous plunging jet

On the seawater temperature dependence of the sea spray aerosol generated by a continuous plunging jet

The hydraulic bump: The surface signature of a plunging jet

Consequences of Inclined and Dual Jet Impingement in Stagnant Liquid and Stratified Layers

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