Consequences of Inclined and Dual Jet Impingement in Stagnant Liquid and Stratified Layers

Abstract

Different configurations of bubble entrainment have been explored inside a liquid pool resulting from the impact of plunging jets. Impingement of an inclined jet and the subsequent asymmetries are studied in present effort. The aberrations from the symmetric case have been realized in the genesis of the entrainment, including the formation and collapse of the annular cavity developed immediately after the impact. Furthermore, the three-dimensional association of bubble population has been found to be skewed in the direction of inertia of liquid jets. The density of bubbles along a particular azimuthal plane has been tracked to quantify the intensity of entrainment in case of jet-jet interaction at different configurations. Toward the end, impingement of different fluid jets on a stratified kerosene-water layer is illustrated and complex interfacial shapes are described as an assemblage of emulsions, encapsulations, and liquid fingers.