Gas condensate treatment: A critical review of materials, methods, field applications, and new solutions

Hassan, Amjed; Mahmoud, Mohamed; Al-Majed, Abdulaziz; alawi, Mustafa Ba; Elkatatny, Salaheldin; Bataweel, Mohammed; Al-Nakhli, Ayman

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2019.02.089

Cited by 46 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Further, the in situ generation of heat and pressure at the reservoir condition can minimize the impact of the stimulation treatment on the integrity of well completion. Finally, thermochemical treatment leads to permanent improvement in the hydrocarbon production, while CO 2 or solvent injection are considered as temporary methods for increasing hydrocarbon production [33].…”

Section: Gas Production Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Production from Gas Condensate Reservoirs Using Sustainable Environmentally Friendly Chemicals

et al. 2019

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Unconventional reservoirs have shown tremendous potential for energy supply for long-term applications. However, great challenges are associated with hydrocarbon production from these reservoirs. Recently, injection of thermochemical fluids has been introduced as a new environmentally friendly and cost-effective chemical for improving hydrocarbon production. This research aims to improve gas production from gas condensate reservoirs using environmentally friendly chemicals. Further, the impact of thermochemical treatment on changing the pore size distribution is studied. Several experiments were conducted, including chemical injection, routine core analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The impact of thermochemical treatment in sustaining gas production from a tight gas reservoir was quantified. This study demonstrates that thermochemical treatment can create different types of fractures (single or multistaged fractures) based on the injection method. Thermochemical treatment can increase absolute permeability up to 500%, reduce capillary pressure by 57%, remove the accumulated liquids, and improve gas relative permeability by a factor of 1.2. The findings of this study can help to design a better thermochemical treatment for improving gas recovery. This study showed that thermochemical treatment is an effective method for sustaining gas production from tight gas reservoirs.

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Section: Gas Production Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Production from Gas Condensate Reservoirs Using Sustainable Environmentally Friendly Chemicals

et al. 2019

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“…The accumulated liquid restricts the gas flow and thus reduces gas production. Several methods are employed to alleviate the condensate damage and improve reservoir productivity [2][3][4]. The most common treatments are gas recycling, chemical injection, and hydraulic fracturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different gases are used in recycling treatment, such as methane, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide [2,16]. However, the main limitation of gas recycling is that the treatment needs to be repeated every 6 to 9 months in order to maintain its effectiveness [2][3][4]14,16]. Besides the logistical challenges associated with gas transportation, there exists an additional challenge of on-site gas handling during the gas recycling treatment [3,4,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the main limitation of gas recycling is that the treatment needs to be repeated every 6 to 9 months in order to maintain its effectiveness [2][3][4]14,16]. Besides the logistical challenges associated with gas transportation, there exists an additional challenge of on-site gas handling during the gas recycling treatment [3,4,17]. Alternatively, hydraulic fracturing is used to mitigate the condensate bank by inducing conductive channels between the wellbore and the reservoir matrix [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Treatment for Mitigating Condensate Bank Using a Newly Synthesized Gemini Surfactant

et al. 2020

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Condensate accumulation in the vicinity of the gas well is known to curtail hydrocarbon production by up to 80%. Numerous approaches are being employed to mitigate condensate damage and improve gas productivity. Chemical treatment, gas recycling, and hydraulic fracturing are the most effective techniques for combatting the condensate bank. However, the gas injection technique showed temporary condensate recovery and limited improvement in gas productivity. Hydraulic fracturing is considered to be an expensive approach for treating condensate banking problems. In this study, a newly synthesized gemini surfactant (GS) was developed to prevent the formation of condensate blockage in the gas condensate reservoirs. Flushing the near-wellbore area with GS will change the rock wettability and thereby reduce the capillary forces holding the condensate due to the strong adsorption capacity of GS on the rock surface. In this study, several measurements were conducted to assess the performance of GS in mitigating the condensate bank including coreflood, relative permeability, phase behavior, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The results show that GS can reduce the capillary pressure by as much as 40%, increase the condensate mobility by more than 80%, and thereby mitigate the condensate bank by up to 84%. Phase behavior measurements indicate that adding GS to the oil–brine system could not induce any emulsions at different salinity levels. Moreover, NMR and permeability measurements reveal that the gemini surfactant has no effect on the pore system and no changes were observed in the T2 relaxation profiles with and without the GS injection. Ultimately, this work introduces a novel and effective treatment for mitigating the condensate bank. The new treatment showed an attractive performance in reducing liquid saturation and increasing the condensate relative permeability.

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“…Stimulation of sandstone and carbonate reservoirs using thermochemicals showed very good results in both the laboratory and the field. Hassan et al [ 16 ] demonstrated that thermochemical treatments enhanced the permeability of a tight sandstone outcrop sample from 0.2 to 300 mD. The authors attributed the significant improvement in permeability to the creation of a dominant fracture throughout the entire sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass and Heat Transfer of Thermochemical Fluids in a Fractured Porous Medium

2020

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The desire to improve hydraulic fracture complexity has encouraged the use of thermochemical additives with fracturing fluids. These chemicals generate tremendous heat and pressure pulses upon reaction. This study developed a model of thermochemical fluids’ advection-reactive transport in hydraulic fractures to better understand thermochemical fluids’ penetration length and heat propagation distance along the fracture and into the surrounding porous media. These results will help optimize the design of this type of treatment. The model consists of an integrated wellbore, fracture, and reservoir mass and heat transfer models. The wellbore model estimated the fracture fluid temperature at the subsurface injection interval. The integrated model showed that in most cases the thermochemical fluids were consumed within a short distance from the wellbore. However, the heat of reaction propagated a much deeper distance along the hydraulic fracture. In most scenarios, the thermochemical fluids were consumed within 15 ft from the fracture inlet. Among other design parameters, the thermochemical fluid concentration is the most significant in controlling the penetration length, temperature, and pressure response. The model showed that a temperature increase from 280 to 600 °F is possible by increasing the thermochemical concentration. Additionally, acid can be used to trigger the reaction but results in a shorter penetration length and higher temperature response.

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Gas condensate treatment: A critical review of materials, methods, field applications, and new solutions

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Gas Production from Gas Condensate Reservoirs Using Sustainable Environmentally Friendly Chemicals

Gas Production from Gas Condensate Reservoirs Using Sustainable Environmentally Friendly Chemicals

Novel Treatment for Mitigating Condensate Bank Using a Newly Synthesized Gemini Surfactant

Mass and Heat Transfer of Thermochemical Fluids in a Fractured Porous Medium

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