Gas Production from Gas Condensate Reservoirs Using Sustainable Environmentally Friendly Chemicals

Abstract

Unconventional reservoirs have shown tremendous potential for energy supply for long-term applications. However, great challenges are associated with hydrocarbon production from these reservoirs. Recently, injection of thermochemical fluids has been introduced as a new environmentally friendly and cost-effective chemical for improving hydrocarbon production. This research aims to improve gas production from gas condensate reservoirs using environmentally friendly chemicals. Further, the impact of thermochemical treatment on changing the pore size distribution is studied. Several experiments were conducted, including chemical injection, routine core analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The impact of thermochemical treatment in sustaining gas production from a tight gas reservoir was quantified. This study demonstrates that thermochemical treatment can create different types of fractures (single or multistaged fractures) based on the injection method. Thermochemical treatment can increase absolute permeability up to 500%, reduce capillary pressure by 57%, remove the accumulated liquids, and improve gas relative permeability by a factor of 1.2. The findings of this study can help to design a better thermochemical treatment for improving gas recovery. This study showed that thermochemical treatment is an effective method for sustaining gas production from tight gas reservoirs.

Condensate-Banking Removal and Gas-Production Enhancement Using Thermochemical Injection: A Field-Scale Simulation

“…Gas injection only increases pressure in the nearwellbore region, fostering the revaporization of the condensate liquid, thereby improving gas flow into wellbore [16,17]. Thermochemical injection, however, not only increases pressure, but also reduces capillary forces and decreases condensate viscosity [24][25][26][27]. Cumulative gas production is plotted in Figure 21.…”

“…Needless to say, both gas-injection and hydraulic-fracturing treatments are of great concern with respect to project economics [3,9]. Therefore, in this paper, an innovative condensate-treatment concept based on thermochemical fluids (TCFs) is introduced [3,[24][25][26][27]. Exploiting enthalpy associated with the thermochemical reaction allows for remarkable increases in pressure and temperature to be realized downhole [28,29].…”

“…Importantly, compared to conventional methods, the outlined process yielded higher thermal efficiency and lower energy loss compared to those of conventional gas-injection methods on an equimolar basis. Given successful lab trials [24][25][26][27]30], this paper for the first time presents a field-scale simulation based on experimentally obtained data for condensate removal from gas reservoirs by means of a thermochemical treatment strategy. In addition, sensitivity analysis was conducted to study the impact of different wellbore conditions on gas-production rate.…”

How Individual’s Proactive Behavior Helps Construction Sustainability: Exploring the Effects of Project Citizenship Behavior on Project Performance

“…Many studies have been conducted on the sustainable use of resources and materials [10,11], focusing on how to improve the utilization efficiency of land [12], gas [13], and other non-renewable resources [14]. However, even though human resources are a vital resource in construction project management [15], few studies have investigated the sustainable use of human resources.…”

Development and Applications of a Compositional Pore-Network Model for Gas-Condensate Flow

“…In order to minimize the negative effects of liquid dropout, several production optimization schemes and EOR methods have been proposed in the literature for gas-condensate reservoirs [13,14,15]. An adequate development of such methods requires deep understanding of the coupled flow of gas and condensate in porous media, which has been proved to be fundamentally different from that observed in conventional two-phase flow systems [16].…”