Gas chromatography—mass spectrometry of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids in urine

Liebich, H.M.; Pickert, A.; Stierle, U.; Woll, J.P. Pilkington

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91371-8

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the multivariate model, adipic acid represents a group of metabolites that are positively associated with expressive language score, meaning that higher levels of adipic acid and its associated group were associated with higher expressive language scores on the BSD-III. Excretion of adipic acid is associated with ketosis 17 , 18 which can occur either when few carbohydrates are consumed, or when carbohydrate metabolism is impaired. Adipic acid is also included in controlled-release pharmaceuticals, antacids, and processed foods; it may be excreted when these are consumed 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between maternal exposure to phthalates and lower language ability in offspring derived from hair metabolome analysis

Jones

Han

Delplancke

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The fetus undergoes a crucial period of neurodevelopment in utero. The maternal hair metabolome provides an integrated record of the metabolic state of the mother prior to, and during pregnancy. We investigated whether variation in the maternal hair metabolome was associated with neurodevelopmental differences across infants. Maternal hair samples and infant neurocognitive assessments (using the Bayley III Scales of Infant Development at 24 months) were obtained for 373 infant-mother dyads between 26–28 weeks’ gestation from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes cohort. The hair metabolome was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Intensity measurements were obtained for 276 compounds. After controlling for maternal education, ethnicity, and infant sex, associations between metabolites and expressive language skills were detected, but not for receptive language, cognitive or motor skills. The results confirm previous research associating higher levels of phthalates with lower language ability. In addition, scores were positively associated with a cluster of compounds, including adipic acid and medium-chain fatty acids. The data support associations between the maternal hair metabolome and neurodevelopmental processes of the fetus. The association between phthalates and lower language ability highlights a modifiable risk factor that warrants further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between maternal exposure to phthalates and lower language ability in offspring derived from hair metabolome analysis

Jones

Han

Delplancke

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…In addition, the identity of 3-oxo-2-EHA was checked by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in the negative mode (m/z = 156.9 [M -H] -, product ion m/z 112.7 [-44 U, -CO 2 ] at 15 eV) because of the low stability of the acid (decarboxylation) in the course of HRGC-MS and NMR analyses. 3-Oxo-2-EHA methyl ester was obtained using diazomethane, as described [12,13]. The identity and purity (98.5% by HRGC-MS) of the methyl ester was proven by HRGC-MS and 1 H-NMR.…”

Section: Synthesis Of 3-oxo-2-eha Methyl Ester and 3-hydroxy-2-eha Mementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the identity of 3-hydroxy-2-EHA was proven by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS (negative mode) (m/z = 158.9 [M -H] -, product ion m/z 86.8). 3-Hydroxy-2-EHA methyl esters were synthesized using diazomethane [12,13]. The identity and purity (98.7%) of the diastereomers were proven by HRGC-MS. HRGC-MS, m/z (%):131 (47), 102 (67), 99 (44), 87 (100), 55 (31).…”

Section: Synthesis Of 3-oxo-2-eha Methyl Ester and 3-hydroxy-2-eha Mementioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary 2‐ethyl‐3‐oxohexanoic acid as major metabolite of orally administered 2‐ethylhexanoic acid in human

Stingel

Feldmeier

Richling

et al. 2007

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Human metabolism of 2-ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA), which is a known metabolite of important phthalates, was investigated using 2-EHA-contaminated food. The results of our studies reveal that the major catabolic pathway of 2-EHA in human is beta-oxidation. The dominant final urinary metabolite was identified and quantified as 3-oxo-2-ethylhexanoic acid (3-oxo-2-EHA), but only after immediate methylation of the extract from urine and prior to GC-MS analysis. Former studies without the precaution of immediate methylation had found 4-heptanone as the major metabolite, which is obviously an artifact arising from the decarboxylation of 3-oxo-2-EHA.

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“…The most characteristic organic acid to occur at elevated concentrations in urine and in serum of diabetic patients under stable conditions is 2-ethyl-3-oxohexanoic acid [60]. This acid, which undergoes a certain degree of spontaneous decarboxylation to 4-heptanone, has been quantitatively measured as total 4-heptanone (the sum of the acid and its decarboxylation product) by gas chromatographymass fragmentography.…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of acidic metabolites by capillary column GC and GC/MS

Liebich

1983

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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Gas chromatography—mass spectrometry of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids in urine

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Association between maternal exposure to phthalates and lower language ability in offspring derived from hair metabolome analysis

Association between maternal exposure to phthalates and lower language ability in offspring derived from hair metabolome analysis

Urinary 2‐ethyl‐3‐oxohexanoic acid as major metabolite of orally administered 2‐ethylhexanoic acid in human

Analysis of acidic metabolites by capillary column GC and GC/MS

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