Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of anabolic compounds in bovine hair: evaluation of hair extraction procedures

Analysis of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy‐methamphetamine by micellar capillary electrophoresis using cation‐selective exhaustive injection

“…NaOH (2 M) was then used to adjust the pH of the solution to the basic range to facilitate extraction with an organic solvent in the following steps. Compared with the alkali digestion, acid extraction took more steps and gave no higher recovery or cleaner baseline, which was consistent with the results reported by Hernandez-Carrasquilla [40].…”

Detection of sulphamethazine residues in cattle and pig hair by HPLC–DAD

“…Moreover, the use of NaOH solutions complicated the clean-up and the chromatographic separation, due to the migration of many interfering compounds in the extracts, as previously observed by other authors [16,22]. Under our conditions the pulverisation did not produce any significant improvement, so the final conditions for the extraction of calf hair combined the digestion for 24 h with NH 4 OH 0.2 M and finely cut hair.…”

“…Extracts should then be purified, due to the great quantity of impurities contained in these extracts, and concentrated to improve the detectability [13,[15][16][17][20][21][22][23].…”

“…Various factors must be taken into account and optimised, because of the small quantities of sample to be extracted (few mg s ), the possible degradation of the compounds during the digestion and the complex composition of extracts, in particular if they are obtained by alkaline or enzymatic digestion, can cause serious difficulties in the following LC analysis [16,22].…”

Determination of natural and synthetic estrogens in water by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection

“…17␣-ethinylestradiol, mestranol), or in veterinary, as growth promoters of farm animals (e.g. diethylstilbestrol), together with their incomplete removal in sewage treatment plants, have caused the presence of several estrogens and related compounds in the aquatic environment at the ng and sub-ng per litre level [1][2][3]. Even at such low concentrations, some of these compounds present activity as endocrine disrupters being responsible for the feminisation of certain aquatic organisms [4].…”