Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of encapsulated stable perovskite solar cells

Shi, Lei; Bucknall, Martin P.; Young, Trevor L.; Zhang, Meng; Hu, Long; Bing, Jueming; Lee, Da Seul; Kim, Jin-Cheol; Wu, Tom; Takamure, Noboru; McKenzie, David R.; Huang, Shujuan; Green, Martin A.; Ho‐Baillie, Anita

doi:10.1126/science.aba2412

Cited by 360 publications

(354 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Glass-glass encapsulation as well as the use of edge-seal technology have been proposed, although low perovskite decomposition temperature presents a challenge for selecting a benign sealant. The authors demonstrated how such encapsulation provides a 104 Although, undoubtedly, encapsulation helps to reduce the moisture ingress into the photovoltaic device, the stability of the photoabsorber, selective layers and cathode materials still needs to be considered and effective strategies to passivate perovskite and mitigate decomposition reactions need to be developed besides encapsulation. For example, Liu et al have demonstrated implementation of interfacial engineering in perovskite solar modules, which provided a moderate operational stability.…”

Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature carbon-based electrodes in perovskite solar cells

Bogachuk

Zouhair

Wojciechowski

et al. 2020

Energy Environ. Sci.

178

155

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Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature carbon-based electrodes in perovskite solar cells

Bogachuk

Zouhair

Wojciechowski

et al. 2020

Energy Environ. Sci.

178

155

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“…[317] In addition, PSCs should be subject to strict testing standards such as those in accordance with the IEC 61215:2016 standards, which will further strengthen the viability of commercial PSCs. During the preparation of this review, Shi et al [318] used an encapsulation scheme using a mixed-cation mixed-halide perovskite absorber layer which survived more than 1800 h of damp heat test and 75 cycles of humidity freeze test, exceeding the requirement of IEC61215:2016. This exceptional achievement of stability and durability further demonstrates the exciting future of perovskite research.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Unlike fossil fuels, the sun is an inexhaustible energy source that delivers more energy to the earth in 1 h than the entire planet consumes in one year. Energy can be harvested from the sun using photovoltaics (PV) and stored (e.g., batteries), meaning solar energy can be used as and when required. [3,4] Currently, the commercial PV market is dominated by single-junction crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV which deliver power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of over 26% under 1 Sun illumination (AM 1.5 standard). [5,6] Despite their high efficiencies, the fabrication of c-Si PV is nontrivial and lacks electronic tunability. Furthermore, the record efficiency for c-Si PV is 26.7% [5] which is very close to the theoretical limit of 29.4%. [7] This clearly indicates that c-Si PV is a mature technology and there is limited room for improvement. [8] Over the past two decades, third-generation solar cells such as dye-sensitized solar cells, [9,10] quantum dot solar cells, [11,12] organic solar cells, [13,14] and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [15,16] have been developed as alternatives to c-Si technologies. Of these third-generation solar cells, single-junction PSCs have generated significant attention due to their intense visible to near-infrared absorptivity, [16-18] long diffusion lengths of the charge carriers, [19,20] high efficiency, [21,22] electronic and physical tunability, [23,24] and low manufacturing costs. [25,26] After the first report by Miyasaka's group in 2009, [27] the PCE for single junction devices increased considerably from 3.8% to 25.2%, [27,28] making it the fastest advancing PV technology to date. This has uniquely placed PSCs as the frontrunner technology to potentially replace or coexist with c-Si PV. The term "perovskite" refers to a group of compounds that share the same lattice structure as calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO 3). All PV perovskite materials have the general chemical formula ABX 3 , as illustrated in Figure 1a. Organic-Inorganic hybrid PSCs are typically made using an organic/ inorganic cation (A = methylammonium (MA) CH 3 NH 3 + , formamidinium (FA) CH 3 (NH 2) 2 + , or cesium), a divalent cation (B = Pb 2+ or Sn 2+) , [29] and an anion (X = Cl − , Br − , or I −), illustrated in Figure 1b. [16,30] A is surrounded by eight lead halide octahedra (B in the center of octahedra) and forms a cubic perovskite structure. When the size of A or/and X is changed, the structure of perovskite will distort. The Goldschmidt tolerance factor (t) [31] of perovskite is an empirical index for Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high-power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long-term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting-edge tech...

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“…[70,71] Packaging/ encapsulation wrapped around the whole device can efficiently improve the device resistance against the attack of H 2 O/O 2 and prevent the escape of component from the perovskite layer. [72,73] Recently, Shi et al demonstrated a MA-containing PSC surviving after over 1800 h of damp heat test and 75 cycles of humidity freeze test by using a polymer/glass stack pressuretight encapsulation to effectively suppress the outgassing, [74] which clearly revealed the importance of preventing component escape for the device stability. One can find the related works in the recent reviews on PSC encapsulation.…”

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be an effective way to protect perovskites against the attack of H 2 O/O 2 and prevent ion/molecular escaping from the perovskite layer simultaneously, leading to robust absorber layer and long-term stable PSCs. [70][71][72][73][74] Thus, here, we also describe the progress on the barriers inserted between perovskite layer and the top electrode layer in this review. In this section, the barriers are discussed according to the classification of barrier materials including organic barriers and inorganic barriers.…”

Section: Barriers Design At Interface Atop Perovskite Layer Against Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barrier Designs in Perovskite Solar Cells for Long‐Term Stability

Zhang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention in the past decade and their power conversion efficiency has been rapidly increasing to 25.2%, which is comparable with commercialized solar cells. Currently, the long‐term stability of PSCs remains as a major bottleneck impeding their future commercial applications. Beyond strengthening the perovskite layer itself and developing robust external device encapsulation/packaging technology, integration of effective barriers into PSCs has been recognized to be of equal importance to improve the whole device’s long‐term stability. These barriers can not only shield the critical perovskite layer and other functional layers from external detrimental factors such as heat, light, and H2O/O2, but also prevent the undesired ion/molecular diffusion/volatilization from perovskite. In addition, some delicate barrier designs can simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability. In this review article, the research progress on barrier designs in PSCs for improving their long‐term stability is reviewed in terms of the barrier functions, locations in PSCs, and material characteristics. Regarding specific barriers, their preparation methods, chemical/photoelectronic/mechanical properties, and their role in device stability, are further discussed. On the basis of these accumulative efforts, predictions for the further development of effective barriers in PSCs are provided at the end of this review.

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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of encapsulated stable perovskite solar cells

Cited by 360 publications

References 73 publications

Low-temperature carbon-based electrodes in perovskite solar cells

Low-temperature carbon-based electrodes in perovskite solar cells

Ambient Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Barrier Designs in Perovskite Solar Cells for Long‐Term Stability

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