Interest in ionic liquids with fluorine-containing cations has grown markedly in recent years. The syntheses, characterization and properties of quaternary fluoroalkyl-substituted ammonium, imidazolium, triazolium, pyridinium, pyrazinium, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium, piperazinium, pyrrolidinium, oxazolidinium, and morpholinium salts have been studied in detail. By modifying the anion or the fluorine-containing substituent on the cation, a wide range of properties of fluorine-containing ionic liquids can be tuned, including