Gas chromatographic method for the determination of toluidines in spiked urine samples

Jodynis‐Liebert, Jadwiga; Bennasir, Hassen A. H.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00545-9

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Techniques most often recommended in the literature for the determination of these compounds are high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [5][6][7][8] and gas chromatography (GC) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] coupled with various detection methods such as: UV [5,6,8,14,15], mass spectrometry [9,10,12,16], electrochemistry [7] or possibly with the application of a detector for electron capture [13]. For isolation and determination of toluidine and its derivatives capillary electrophoresis has also been used [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of local anaesthetics and their impurities in pharmaceutical preparations using HPLC method with amperometric detection

Fijałek¹,

Baczyński²,

Piwońska³

et al. 2005

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of local anaesthetics and their impurities in pharmaceutical preparations using HPLC method with amperometric detection

Fijałek¹,

Baczyński²,

Piwońska³

et al. 2005

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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“…Content of toluidines in diet and homogenicity were determined every two weeks. (Jodynis-Liebert and Bennasir 2000). The average concentration of toluidine isomers in diet during the experiment is shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method involved the isolation of toluidines with toluene, derivatisation with heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) and capillary gas chromatographic analysis (Jodynis-Liebert and Bennasir 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Fat on Selected Parameters of Toxicity Following 1- or 3-Month Exposure of Rats to Toluidine Isomers

Jodynis‐Liebert

Bennasir

2005

Int J Toxicol

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the dietary fat on selected parameters of toluidines toxicity in rats during subchronic exposure. Three isomers of toluidine (ortho, meta, and para) were administered to rats in the diet for 1 and 3 months at levels 40, 80, 160 mg/kg/day in two kinds of diet containing either 4% or 14% fat. All doses of toluidine isomers produced a 1.5- to 9.8-fold increase in methemoglobin (MetHb) level during both treatment periods. A distinct dose-response relationship was observed, especially for o- and m-toluidine; the effect was generally greater in rats fed high-fat diet. Reduced glutathione level in liver was increased in all treated groups, 1.5- to 5.1-fold, irrespective of the kind of diet. An increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS), 1.5- to 4.5-fold, was noticed in the majority of the treated groups. Generally, there was no consistent effect of diet except for p-toluidine where the level of hepatic TBARS was lower in rats fed high-fat diet. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level in animals treated with all doses of o- and m-toluidine was 1.3- to 5.0-fold higher in comparison with respective controls. No clear relationship between BUN level and the kind of diet was found. No effect of toluidines on the activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) were observed. In the majority of groups treated for 30 and 90 days the amount of toluidines in 24-h urine was lower in rats fed high-fat diet. Final body weight gain in rats treated with o- and p-toluidine (80 and 160 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) was lower as compared to controls. In summary the high-fat diet stimulated methemoglobin formation in rats treated with o- and m-toluidine and cause the decrease in the amount of toluidines in 24-h urine. The high content of fat did not affect consistently the other parameters tested.

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“…The organic layer (500 mL) was derivatized with 10 mL HFBA at room temperature for 15 min (Jodynis-Liebert & Bennasir, 2000;Stillwell et al, 1987). To remove the excess of HFBA, 2 mL of 100 mM phosphate buffer was added.…”

Section: Covalent Binding Of [ 14 C] From [ 14 C]ccl 4 To Proteins Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver nuclear and microsomal CYP2E1-mediated metabolism of xenobiotics in rats chronically drinking an alcohol-containing liquid diet

et al. 2006

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In previous studies from our laboratory, the presence in highly purified liver nuclei of metabolic pathways for processing ethanol (EtOH), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), carbon tetrachloride and chloroform was reported. All these chemicals are known to be metabolized in liver microsomes, via cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E)-mediated processes. In the present work we checked whether rat liver nuclei from rats chronically drinking an alcohol-containing liquid diet exhibited an enhanced ability to metabolize chemicals known to require CYP2E1 participation for given metabolic transformations. The nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-requiring metabolism of p-nitrophenol to p-nitrocathecol; the activation of carbon tetrachloride to trichloromethyl radicals, covalently binding to proteins; and the ring hydroxylation of aniline and o-toluidine were studied. Comparison of the obtained nuclear activities against the one present in the microsomal counterpart, and their respective response to the EtOH inductive effect after repetitive exposure to it, was studied. The obtained results showed that rat liver nuclei exhibited less p-nitrophenol hydroxylase activity than microsomes, but it was inducible by repetitive alcohol drinking to equivalent levels of those of microsomes from control animals. Nuclei exhibited the ability to activate CCl4, which was significantly enhanced by alcohol drinking. Aniline was ring hydroxylated in liver microsomes but not in nuclei from either control or EtOH-treated animals. In contrast, nuclei and microsomes metabolized o-toluidine to ring hydroxylated products. They are considered less toxic in nature but other authors reported a genotoxic effect for one of them. The production of the ring hydroxylated metabolites was enhanced by repetitive EtOH drinking. Results suggest that nuclear metabolism of xenobiotics might be relevant for either activations or detoxications mediated by CYP2E1 and that repetitive exposure to EtOH might significantly modulate those processes.

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Gas chromatographic method for the determination of toluidines in spiked urine samples

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Determination of local anaesthetics and their impurities in pharmaceutical preparations using HPLC method with amperometric detection

Determination of local anaesthetics and their impurities in pharmaceutical preparations using HPLC method with amperometric detection

Effect of Dietary Fat on Selected Parameters of Toxicity Following 1- or 3-Month Exposure of Rats to Toluidine Isomers

Liver nuclear and microsomal CYP2E1-mediated metabolism of xenobiotics in rats chronically drinking an alcohol-containing liquid diet

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