Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of 4-(5) methylimidazole in ammonia caramel colour using ion-pair extraction and derivatization with isobutylchloroformate

Fernandes, José O.; Ferreira, Margarida A.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00603-1

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The method of extraction and derivatization in GC/MS based applications offers the highest selectivity and has been used in different applications (Table 1). LOD and LOQ values remained close to these in GC/MS methods used by Fernandes and Ferreira [5], Casal et al [7], and Cunha et al [8,10]. However, when experiments were run within this project on the same instrument (triple quadrupole) but ran in a single quadrupole SIM mode (first quadrupole set to transmission, collision gas switched off, and second quadrupole used for SIM) much higher LOD and LOQ values were obtained.…”

Section: Gas Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometrysupporting

confidence: 73%

“…4-Methylimidazole was extracted from caramel sample using methodology described earlier by Fernandes and Ferreira [5] and later by Cunha et al [10]. The developed method is based on ion pair extraction with bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHPA) and derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF).…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Gc/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They differed in retention times; however they share the same spectra with / 41 as the base peak resulting from fission of CH 3 CN from imidazole ring, / 57 of all isobutyloxycarbonyl derivatives, and / 182 as the derivative molecular ion [5]. Chromatograms of ammonia caramel containing 4-MeI obtained in different operation mode of MS are shown on Figure 3.…”

Section: Gas Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, analysis of this compound by GC/MS method was performed after ion pair extraction combined with derivatization process and this technique seemed to be the most effective one; however some recent studies showed the possibility of 4-MeI analysis by solid phase microextraction (SPME) method without derivatization [4]. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (BEHPA) is an ion pairing compound used in extraction of basic compounds and alkyl chloroformates (such as isobutyl chloroformate, IBCF) proved be a good derivatization reagents providing formation of N-alkoxycarbonyl esters [5]. The Codex Alimentarius of the World Health Organization has established maximum concentration of 4-MeI in caramels III and IV, which is 250 mg kg −1 on an equivalent colour basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of 4-Methylimidazole in Ammonia Caramel Using Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)

Wieczorek

Przygoński

Jeleń

2018

Journal of Food Quality

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One of Maillard reaction products formed in the production of ammonia caramel is 4(5)-methylimidazole (4-MeI) classified as carcinogen. A method of 4-MeI determination based on ion-pair extraction and derivatisation with isobutyl chloroformate with subsequent gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis was proposed. Tandem mass spectrometry was applied to reduce the influence of matrix and increase the selectivity and sensitivity of the method. Triple quadrupole GC-MS system was used for this study. The collision energies were optimized for MRM mode. The detection (LOD) and quantification limits (LOQ) of the elaborated method were 17 and 37.8 g kg −1 , respectively, repeatability was <15% RSD for analyzed caramel samples, and the recovery for 4-MeI was 101%. Comparison of MS/MS with SIM detection on the same instrument proved almost 30 times lower LODs achieved by tandem mass spectrometry compared to SIM. Described method can be routinely used for monitoring 4-MeI as a quality and safety marker in the production of ammonia caramel.

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Section: Gas Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometrysupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Sample Preparation and Gc/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Determination of 4-Methylimidazole in Ammonia Caramel Using Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)

Wieczorek

Przygoński

Jeleń

2018

Journal of Food Quality

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“…The silyl reagents are effective derivatizing reagents for nucleobases but require a nonaqueous medium for their derivatization. Isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF) has been used as a derivatization reagent for GC determination of primary and secondary low-molecularmass aliphatic amines (Lundh and Akesson 1993); dicarboxylic acids and amino acids (Sobolevsk et al 2004); and 4-(5-)methylimidazole (Fernando and Ferreira 1997). The derivatization is carried out in an aqueous medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-FID determination of nucleobases guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine from DNA by precolumn derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate

Brohi

Khuhawar

2016

J Anal Sci Technol

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Solid-phase extraction of 4(5)-methylimidazole (4MeI) and 2-acetyl-4(5)-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)-imidazole (THI) from foods and beverages with subsequent liquid chromatographic-electrospray mass spectrometric quantification

et al. 2006

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A method for the simultaneous determination of 4(5)-methylimidazole (4MeI) and 2-acetyl-4(5)-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)-imidazole (THI) was developed using SPE and HPLC/MS. Solid-phase extraction using SCX Disc cartridges was used for isolation of the analytes from liquid samples. The lower LOQwas 0.1 ng/mL for 4MeI and 0.2 ng/ mL for THI. The linearity of the calibration curves was satisfactory as indicated by correlation coefficients >0.999. The CV for the intra- and inter-day precision was <5% (n = 6); the accuracy was in the range 98-103%. The recovery was > or = 97 and > or = 98% for THI and 4MeI, respectively. The method was used to determine THI and 4MeI in beverages, coffee, caramel colours and other samples.

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Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of 4-(5) methylimidazole in ammonia caramel colour using ion-pair extraction and derivatization with isobutylchloroformate

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

Determination of 4-Methylimidazole in Ammonia Caramel Using Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)

Determination of 4-Methylimidazole in Ammonia Caramel Using Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)

GC-FID determination of nucleobases guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine from DNA by precolumn derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate

Solid-phase extraction of 4(5)-methylimidazole (4MeI) and 2-acetyl-4(5)-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)-imidazole (THI) from foods and beverages with subsequent liquid chromatographic-electrospray mass spectrometric quantification

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