Gas chromatographic determination of synthetic musk compounds in Norwegian air samples

Kallenborn, Roland; Gatermann, Robert; Planting, Sissel; Rimkus, Gerhard; Lund, Margrete; Schlabach, Martin; Burkow, Ivan C.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00259-9

Cited by 82 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A Norwegian study found synthetic musk compounds in outdoor air, not only in urban areas but also in remote areas. 63 The presence of these synthetic musk compounds was so ubiquitous in indoor air, even in the laboratory setting, that special procedures for preventing contamination of the samples of outdoor air had to be taken.…”

Section: Impact On Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragrance: emerging health and environmental concerns

Bridges¹

2002

Flavour & Fragrance J

111

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Products containing scent are a part of daily life. The majority of cosmetics, toiletries, household and laundry products contain fragrance. In addition, there is exposure to fragrance from products that are used to scent the air, such as air fresheners and fragranced candles. In spite of this widespread use and exposure, there is little information available on the materials used in fragrance. Fragrance formulas are considered trade secrets and components that make up the fragrance portion of the product are not revealed on labels. Fragrance is increasingly cited as a trigger in health conditions such as asthma, allergies and migraine headaches. In addition, some fragrance materials have been found to accumulate in adipose tissue and are present in breast milk. Other materials are suspected of being hormone disruptors. The implications are not fully known, as there has been little evaluation of systemic effects. There are environmental concerns as well, as fragrances are volatile compounds, which add to both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Synthetic musk compounds are persistent in the environment and contaminate waterways and aquatic wildlife. At present there is little governmental regulation of fragrance. The fragrance industry has in place a system of self-regulation. However, the present system has failed to address many of the emerging concerns. Industry needs to responsibly address concerns and ensure that scented products are safe for users, those inadvertently exposed and the environment. It is essential that an industry that is, and wishes to continue to be, self-regulated should identify and address concerns in a forthright and responsible manner.

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Section: Impact On Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragrance: emerging health and environmental concerns

Bridges¹

2002

Flavour & Fragrance J

111

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“…As a result, musks have been found in almost the entire environment, including air [4,5], water [6,7], sediment [7][8][9] and fish [10][11][12]. Moreover, these compounds have been detected in human fat tissues [13,14], blood [15,16] and breast milk [13,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous analysis of synthetic musks and triclosan in human breast milk by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Wang

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2011

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Their presence was first detected in the environment in 1981 (2) and they have since been detected in nearly all environmental compartments including water (2–6,7,8,9), air (10–12), sediment (4,6,13,14), aquatic organisms (15–18), and humans (15,19,20). They are released into the environment almost entirely as a result of wastewater discharges (18,21–27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Musk Fragrances in a Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Plant with Lime Softening

Wombacher

Hornbuckle

2009

J. Environ. Eng.

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Synthetic musk fragrances are common personal care product additives and wastewater contaminants that are routinely detected in the environment. This study examines the presence eight synthetic musk fragrances (AHTN, HHCB, ATII, ADBI, AHMI, musk xylene, and musk ketone) in source water and the removal of these compounds as they flow through a Midwestern conventional drinking water plant with lime softening. The compounds were measured in water, waste sludge, and air throughout the plant. HHCB and AHTN were detected in 100% of the samples and at the highest concentrations. A mass balance on HHCB and AHTN was performed under warm and cold weather conditions. The total removal efficiency for HHCB and AHTN, which averaged between 67% to 89%, is dominated by adsorption to water softener sludge and its consequent removal by sludge wasting and media filtration. Volatilization, chlorine disinfection, and the disposal of backwash water play a minor role in the removal of both compounds. As a result of inefficient overall removal, HHCB and AHTN are a constant presence at low levels in finished drinking water.

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Gas chromatographic determination of synthetic musk compounds in Norwegian air samples

Cited by 82 publications

References 12 publications

Fragrance: emerging health and environmental concerns

Fragrance: emerging health and environmental concerns

Simultaneous analysis of synthetic musks and triclosan in human breast milk by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Synthetic Musk Fragrances in a Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Plant with Lime Softening

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