Simultaneous analysis of synthetic musks and triclosan in human breast milk by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Maternal and infant exposure to environmental phenols as measured in multiple biological matrices

“…On a fresh weight basis, higher maximum values were reported in our study (median: 0.45 ng/g; range: 0-73.18 ng/g) than in Australia (median: 0.26; range: b0.019-19 ng/g) (Toms et al, 2011); however a Swedish study reported the highest maximum value (median in "exposed" 0.54; range: b 0.018-0.95 ng/g) (Allmyr et al, 2006). Our maximum lipid-adjusted results (2287 ng/g lipids) were higher than those reported in the U.S. (2100 μg/kg) (Dayan, 2007) and China (308.6 ng/g lipids) (Wang et al, 2011).…”

Methods for the determination of biomarkers of exposure to emerging pollutants in human specimens

“…Blood and its products (whole blood, plasma, and serum), and breast milk are the matrices most widely used for biomonitoring of human exposure to persistent compounds (e.g., synthetic musks). To disrupt the protein-compound binding and facilitate (e.g., prevent clogging) solid-phase extraction (SPE), researchers commonly use protein precipitation with acetonitrile [44], methanol [49] or freeze-drying [31].…”

“…Likewise, pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) has been proposed for the quick extraction of synthetic musks [31].…”

“…The method provides LODs of 0.003-0.062 ng/mL. Likewise, Wang et al [31] reported a GC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of 13 synthetic musks in human milk, with LODs in the range 0.6-5.4 ng/g lipid. A recent publication proposed the determination of the six most important synthetic musks by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to MS/MS with atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI); LODs were <6 pg [57].…”

Scented traces – Dermal exposure of synthetic musk fragrances in personal care products and environmental input assessment

“…PMs slowly supplanted the NMs through their low production cost and high resistance to light and alkali (Roosens et al, 2007). They have been widely used, but their detection in environmental and even human matrices as blood (Hutter et al, 2010;Hutter et al, 2005Hutter et al, , 2009), breast milk (Kang et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2011;Yin et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2012) and umbilical cord serum (Kang et al, 2010) aroused concerns in the scientific community, instigating a decrease in the production levels. The other two groups of synthetic musks (MMs, AMs) have been recently introduced in the market.…”