Gas chromatographic determination of apomorphine in plasma

Regiospecific synthesis of isoapocodeine from 10,11-dimethoxyaporphine by using Cunninghamella elegans

“…In the present study, a preparative-scale conversion was undertaken to prepare sufficient compound 3 to facilitate ongoing mammalian metabolism studies and as a synthetic intermediate. These studies were greatly facilitated by a recently developed GC assay, capable of separating compounds 1 through 3 as their heptafluorobutyryl derivatives and compound 4 (2) (Fig. 2).…”

Determination of apomorphine in canine plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

“…The chemical structures of apomorphine and mentazinol (internal standard, IS) are illustrated in Fig. 1. A review of the literature revealed that several analytical techniques have been developed for the quantification of apomorphine in biological samples, including GC [5], radioenzymatic assay [6], HPLC with UV [7], fluorimetric [8], and particularly electrochemical detection [9 -15]. A flow injection electrochemical method (FIA-EC) and a GC-MS method was also reported for the assay of apomorphine [16,17].…”

Development of a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method to quantify R(–)‐apomorphine, R(–)‐apocodeine and R(–)‐norapomorphine in human plasma and urine

“…Many analytical methods described in the literature demonstrated low APO detection levels,4, 7–14 but few quantified APC and none assessed NPO in plasma or urine. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with various detection methods as well as gas chromatography (GC) have been used extensively since 1979.…”

“…With the same detector, Van der Geest et al 4 quantified APO enantiomers and APC, but with a nevertheless high limit of detection (LOD). Using a GC method coupled with flame ionization detection, Baaske et al 13 analyzed APO, APC and iso‐APC. Using mass spectrometric (MS) detection, Watanabe et al 14 detected APO but no APC or NPO.…”