Gas chromatographic detection and identification of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in complex mixtures by coupling photoionization and flame-ionization detectors

Driscoll, John S.; Ford, John; Jaramillo, Luis Fernando; Gruber, Edward T.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)89965-3

Cited by 42 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…When the IMD is equipped with the photoionization source, response is enhanced for aromatic and other unsaturated compounds relative to response of siaturated compounds like alkanes as has been shown in comparisons between conventional photoionization and flame ionization detectors (25)(26)(27)(28). and, in the case of compounds producing more than one product ion, can be more sensitive than selective modes since all product ions contribute to response.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Innovations in sealing the low-pressure UV light source and separating it from the detector ionization cell have enabled the use of photoionization as a method for producing ions at atmospheric pressure (21)(22)(23)(24). In recent years the atmospheric pressure photoionization detector (PID) has become a sensitive and reliable instrument for the detection of aromatic and other unsaturated organic compounds (25)(26)(27)(28) with several investigators examining its proposed response mechanisms and operating characteristics (29)(30)(31)(32). An ion mobility detector equipped with a UV photoionization source would have the additional ability to selectively monitor compounds which respond universally in the standard PID.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ion mobility detector for gas chromatography with a direct photoionization source

Baim¹,

Eatherton²,

Hill³

1983

Anal. Chem.

118

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An Ion moblllty detector (IMD) for gas chromatography has been modltled to accept the use of a photolonlratlon source. Photolonlratlon offers a number of advantages over the commonly employed 63Ni lloll lncludlng the lack of reactant Ions, which are seen with the secondary lonlratlon source, enabllng use of the entire Ion rnoblllty spectrum1 from 0 to 20 ms for observatlon of product Ions. Test compounds contlnuousiy bled Into the detector are used to compare pertormance of the standard ""I foll to that of a low-pressure 10.0-eV krypton photolonlration lamp. Due to uncompkated fragmentatlon patterns produced via photoloniratlon, the tunable selectlve capabllitles of the dettsctor are enhanced. Selectlve moblllty monltorlng Is used to detect toluene, mesitylene, and naphthalene In a mixture of aromatlc compounds of slmllar structure following Separation on a fused slllca capillary column.Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has long been recognized as a potentially useful technique for eelective detection of organic compounds after separation by gas chromatography (1-7). First introduced in 1970 by Cohen and Karasek (8,9), the ion mobility spectrometer consists of two basic units: a 63Ni foil in an ionization cell analogous to that found in an electron capture detector (ECD) and an atmospheric pressure ion drift tube maintained at either a positive or negative uniform electric field gradient of 150-250 V/cm. Ions produced in the ionization cell are accelerated down the electric field where they are separated according to their mobilities in a countercurrent flow of nitrogen pas. As discussed by Revercomb and Mason (IO), a number of factors including the mass, size, and charge of an ion determine its mobility at atmospheric pressure.The prime advantage of IMS as a GC detection method is that the instrument imay be easily tuned to monitor ions of a preselected mobility, thereby tailoring response characteristics to fit the needs of a given separation problem. Ion mobility spectrometry can often provide selective detection between compounds of the same elemental content but differing in structural composition. Despite these advantages, however, IMS has not enjoyed wide-scale popularity as a GC detection technique largely due to limited success a t interfacing the instrument with chromatographic columns.A new GC detector based on the principles of IMS has been developed in this laboratory specifically to eliminate many of the limitations preventing use with high-resolution separations (11). Known as the ion mobility detector (IMD), this instrument has been used to selectively detect a wide range of compounds including substituted naphthalenes in gasoline (11) and terpenes in orange extract (12) using the positive ion mode and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in soil extracts (13) using the negative ion mode. Investigations into the response characteristics of the IMD have shown it to be extremely sensitive to organic compounds. Minimum detectable amounts are typically in the low picogram range and detector response is expone...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion mobility detector for gas chromatography with a direct photoionization source

Baim¹,

Eatherton²,

Hill³

1983

Anal. Chem.

118

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“…In this case the IMS has a linear range similar to a PID. 22,23 Unfortunately, the resolution of an IMS is often insufficient, as peaks often overlap and interactions between different ions occur in the ionization region. The resolution of an IMS can be calculated by the following equation:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of benzene, toluene, and m‐xylene with the use of a UV–ion mobility spectrometer

Sielemann

Baumbach

Schmidt

et al. 2000

Field Analytical Chem & Tech

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An ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) equipped with a 10.6 eV low‐pressure gas‐discharge lamp usually used in photoionization detectors for gas chromatographic applications was developed for the continuous detection of benzene, toluene, and m‐xylene. To improve the resolution of the IMS for single substances a customized IMS with a doubled drift tube length was built. The responses of both IMS (drift tube lengths of 6 and 12 cm) to the compounds selected were determined and compared. The advantages of the combination of multi‐capillary columns with IMS are discussed with the aim of achieving further enhancements to the resolution of the instrument. This coupling leads to a significant increase in the scope of application of ion mobility spectrometry for environmental applications. The influence of intermolecular charge‐transfer reactions on the peak can be reduced and more complex matrices considered. The presented three‐dimensional correlation supports the interpretation of the spectra acquired from the mixtures. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 4: 157–169, 2000

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“…In the complex hydrocarbon mixture of urban air, volatile arenes and alkenes are of particular interest with respect to impact on health as well as the environment. It was early recognized that the photoionizaton detector offers a high selectivity for these hydrocarbons as compared with alkanes [1], because of the lower ionization potential of unsaturated hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoionization assessment of C3-C5 alkadienes and alkenes in urban air

Löfgren

Petersson

1992

Journal of Chromatography A

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Hydrocarbons from samples of traffic-polluted urban air were separated by gas chromatography on an aluminium oxide column and assessed simultaneously by photoionization detection (PID) and flame ionization detection (FID) after effluent splitting. The 10.2 eV photoionization detector selectively detects alkadienes and alkenes but not alkanes and alkynes in the C3-C5 region. The maximum PID/FID response ratio for alkadienes and alkenes is also obtained in this region. The analytical system as a whole is particularly favourable for the C3-C5 alkenes. Analytical data are given for propadiene, 1,3-butadiene, propene, butenes and pentenes.

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Gas chromatographic detection and identification of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in complex mixtures by coupling photoionization and flame-ionization detectors

Cited by 42 publications

References 13 publications

Ion mobility detector for gas chromatography with a direct photoionization source

Ion mobility detector for gas chromatography with a direct photoionization source

Quantitative analysis of benzene, toluene, and m‐xylene with the use of a UV–ion mobility spectrometer

Photoionization assessment of C3-C5 alkadienes and alkenes in urban air

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