Gas‐Assisted Spray Coating of Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Sprayed Self‐Assembled Monolayers (Adv. Sci. 14/2022)

Cassella, Elena J.; Spooner, Emma L. K.; Thornber, Timothy; O’Kane, Mary E.; Catley, Thomas E.; Bishop, James; Smith, Joel; Game, Onkar; Lidzey, David G.

doi:10.1002/advs.202270087

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Finally, we recently reported the use of gas‐quenching to fabricate spray‐coated MAPbI 3 perovskite films, and the spray deposition of MeO‐2PACz as an HTL. [ 39 ] We believe that the binary solvent precursor ink explored here will be a promising candidate to spray coat the perovskite without the necessity of annealing. Previously, our attempts to spray coat ACN‐based precursors have been unsuccessful due to the higher vapor pressure of ACN (88.8 mm Hg at 25 °C) leading to the premature evaporation of the precursor droplets before reaching the substrate surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High‐performance PSCs have now been fabricated from 2‐ME using a number of techniques, including blade coating, [ 34,35 ] bar coating, [ 36,37 ] slot‐die coating, [ 38 ] and spray coating. [ 39 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 43 ] Further, the SAMs have been successfully deposited via scalable methods such as slot‐die coating [ 38 ] and spray coating. [ 39 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binary Solvent System Used to Fabricate Fully Annealing‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Cassella

Spooner

Smith

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites are rapidly approaching state-of-the-art silicon solar cells, with bestperforming devices now reaching power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25.7%. [1] Although stability remains a challenge for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their solution-processability represents a major advantage. Techniques such as blade coating, [2] slot-die coating, [3] and spray coating [4] are compatible with roll-to-roll (R2R) processing, which-in principleshould allow much higher throughput speeds than existing silicon solar technologies. However, the lengthy annealing times used to crystallize the perovskite active layer reduce the maximum theoretical web speeds that could be achieved in a practical manufacture process.In 2020, Rolston et al. demonstrated the highest coating speeds of any scalable PSC processing technologies, achieving production speeds of >12 m min −1 . [5] Spray coating was combined with an atmospheric plasma postprocessing route, [6] creating PSC devices and modules with a PCE of 18% and 15.5%, respectively. Critically, these were fabricated without annealing the perovskite layer. At these speeds, the module cost is expected to be fully competitive with Si. [7] In contrast, the calculated throughput rate for spin-coated PSCs incorporating a 10-min anneal is just 0.017 m min −1 ; a rate prohibitive for commercialization. Furthermore, high temperature processing steps increase device manufacturing costs through increased utility costs and reduced throughput. [8] High process temperatures are also incompatible with many sensitive flexible (polymeric) substrates that are expected to be important in "Internet of Things" applications. [9,10] This growing market is expected to reduce the initial investment and barrier to market entry for perovskites by an order of magnitude. [11] Many approaches to create "annealing-free" PSCs have been demonstrated. For example, thermal evaporation of the perovskite layer without any post-annealing treatments can be used to realize devices having reasonable PCEs of up to 15.7%. [12,13] Zhou et al. demonstrated devices with a PCE of 15.7% for MAPbI 3 (where MA is methylammonium) films grown via electrochemical fabrication. [14] The use of antisolvent High temperature post-deposition annealing of hybrid lead halide perovskite thin films-typically lasting at least 10 min-dramatically limits the maximum roll-to-roll coating speed, which determines solar module manufacturing costs. While several approaches for "annealing-free" perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been demonstrated, many are of limited feasibility for scalable fabrication. Here, this work has solvent-engineered a high vapor pressure solvent mixture of 2-methoxy ethanol and tetrahydrofuran to deposit highly crystalline perovskite thin-films at room temperature using gas-quenching to remove the volatile solvents. Using this approach, this work demonstrates p-i-n devices with an annealing-free MAPbI 3 perovskite layer achieving stabilized power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 1...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binary Solvent System Used to Fabricate Fully Annealing‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Cassella

Spooner

Smith

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…At present, pneumatic spraying (droplets are bigger but uneven) and ultrasonic spraying (droplets are smaller but uniform) are widely used in deposition of large‐scale perovskite films. [ 73 ] For inkjet printing, the fluid is maintained at ambient pressure, and a piezo transducer is used to create a drop only when needed (Figure 4d). Such systems were first described by Hansell in the late 1940s.…”

Section: Screen‐printing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Screen‐Printing Technology for Scale Manufacturing of Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2023

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As a key contender in the field of photovoltaics, third‐generation thin‐film perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained significant research and investment interest due to their superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) and great potential for large‐scale production. For commercialization consideration, low‐cost and scalable fabrication is of primary importance for PSCs, and the development of the applicable film‐forming techniques that meet the above requirements plays a key role. Currently, large‐area perovskite films are mainly produced by printing techniques, such as slot‐die coating, inkjet printing, blade coating, and screen‐printing. Among these techniques, screen printing offers a high degree of functional layer compatibility, pattern design flexibility, and large‐scale ability, showing great promise. In this work, the advanced progress on applying screen‐printing technology in fabricating PSCs from technique fundamentals to practical applications is presented. The fundamentals of screen‐printing technique are introduced and the state‐of‐the‐art studies on screen‐printing different functional layers in PSCs and the control strategies to realize fully screen‐printed PSCs are summarized. Moreover, the current challenges and opportunities faced by screen‐printed perovskite devices are discussed. This work highlights the critical significance of high throughput screen‐printing technology in accelerating the commercialization course of PSCs products.

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“…developed a gas‐assisted spray coating approach to prepare highly crystalline methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite films on a hydrophobic self‐assembled monolayer hole‐transport layer, enabling a PCE of 20.8% in PSCs. [ 16 ] Eggers et al. prepared the thick triple‐cation perovskite (Cs 0.10 FA 0.75 MA 0.15 Pb(Br 0.15 I 0.85 ) 3 (Cs = cesium) film with columnar crystal structures via ink‐jet printing, which resulted in a PCE of 21.6% for small‐area PSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization Control for Ambient Printed FA‐Based Lead Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cells

Huang

Fang

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Upscalable printing of high‐performance and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is highly desired for commercialization. However, the efficiencies of printed PSCs lag behind those of their lab‐scale spin‐coated counterparts owing to the lack of systematic understanding and control over perovskite crystallization dynamics. Here, we report the controlled crystallization dynamics achieved using an additive 1‐butylpyridine tetrafluoroborate (BPyBF4) for high‐quality ambient printed α‐formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite films. Using in situ grazing‐incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering and optical diagnostics, we demonstrate the spontaneous formation of α‐FAPbI3 and sol‐gel from precursors during printing without the involvement of δ‐FAPbI3. The addition of BPyBF4 delays the crystallization onset of α‐FAPbI3, enhances the conversion from sol‐gel to perovskite, and reduces stacking defects during printing. Therefore, the altered crystallization results in fewer voids, larger grains, and less trap‐induced recombination loss within printed films. The printed PSCs yield high power conversion efficiencies of 23.50% and 21.60% for 0.09 cm2‐area devices and 5 cm × 5 cm‐area modules, respectively. Improved device stability is further demonstrated, i.e., approximately 94% of the initial efficiency is retained for over 2400 h under ambient conditions without encapsulation. This study provides an effective crystallization control method for the ambient printing manufacture of large‐area high‐performance PSCs.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Gas‐Assisted Spray Coating of Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Sprayed Self‐Assembled Monolayers (Adv. Sci. 14/2022)

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Binary Solvent System Used to Fabricate Fully Annealing‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Binary Solvent System Used to Fabricate Fully Annealing‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Screen‐Printing Technology for Scale Manufacturing of Perovskite Solar Cells

Crystallization Control for Ambient Printed FA‐Based Lead Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cells

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