Ganoderma Lucidum-Oriental Mushroom Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated With Doxorubicin and Evaluation of Its Anticancer Potential on Human Breast Cancer McF-7/Dox Cells

Abstract

Objective: The present investigations are to mycosynthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles conjugated with doxorubicin and evaluated anticancer activity. Methods:The characterization of the gold nanoparticles using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. FTIR investigations were carried out to find and read the functional group responsible designed at the bioconversion of gold ions and crystalline arrangement of gold nanoparticles was detected in the XRD study. The gold nanoparticles conjugated with doxorubicin were treated against MCF-7-dox resisted breast cancer cells and observed the in vitro cytotoxicity by MTT assay, SCGE (Comet), Apoptosis and Mito-potential assay. Further more we determinate the mRNA expression of ABCB1 gene and cDNA was synthesized from the mRNA for amplification of the ABCB1 gene corresponding to the specific primer.Results: Surface Plasmon resonance showed the development of gold nanoparticles in UV-Visible spectra at 537 nm. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were polydisperse spherical and it was determined by EDAX and stabilized in the solution to the spherical shapes further confirmed by High-resolution transmission electron microscope analysis designate in the reading of 2-100 nm. The anticancer assays were given significant results and the mRNA expression of ABCB1 gene and cDNA was amplified as directly proportional to the expression of ABCB1 gene. Conclusion:We propose that gold nanoparticles synthesized and conjugated with doxorubicin from G. lucidum might be a significant resource of drug delivery for anti-cancer preparation that may advantage breast cancer treatment.

Nano-Food Farming: Toward Sustainable Applications of Proteins, Mushrooms, Nano-Nutrients, and Nanofibers

“…The production of synthesized silver (Ag-NPs) and gold (Au-NPs) nanoparticles by microorganisms is an emerging field of nanobiotechnology, which offers a cost-effective, rapid, and environmentally friendly green chemistry method [136]. Several edible mushrooms have been explored for their ability to reduce metal ions and facilitate the formation of stable metal nanoparticles [157,158]. Fungi like Agaricus [153,154], Ganoderma [155,156], Inonotus [157,158], Pleurotus [142,143], and Schizophyllum [144,145] species have been used in the biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles.…”

“…Several edible mushrooms have been explored for their ability to reduce metal ions and facilitate the formation of stable metal nanoparticles [157,158]. Fungi like Agaricus [153,154], Ganoderma [155,156], Inonotus [157,158], Pleurotus [142,143], and Schizophyllum [144,145] species have been used in the biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles. The process involves the use of fungal extracts or biomass to achieve the reduction of metal ions to their respective nanoparticles.…”

<p>Emerging Antineoplastic Biogenic Gold Nanomaterials for Breast Cancer Therapeutics: A Systematic Review</p>

“…The IC 50 value of the AuNPs conjugated to the chemotherapy drug was 50 μM, while the IC 50 value of DOX alone was 400 µmol/L, which clearly indicates the influence and relevance of the combination of biogenic AuNPs with anticancer drugs, reducing cytotoxicity. 69 Alternatively, Kumar et al followed a green-synthesis approach for the production of AuNPs using the plant Limonia acidissima L. and conjugated them to epirubicin and folic acid (FA). They then compared the anticancer activity of these complexes with free epirubicin, testing the system towards MCF-7 cells, with a drug range up to 30 µg/mL for 2 days of incubation.…”

Natural Bio-Compounds from Ganoderma lucidum and Their Beneficial Biological Actions for Anticancer Application: A Review

“…However, it should be noted that there are differences in the composition of G. lucidum products due to cultivation conditions, the extraction process of the bio-compounds, and the origin or part of the fungus used (fruiting body, mycelium, or spores) [14,28,30]. Nevertheless, many bioactive compounds in G. lucidum exhibit antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties [32][33][34][35][36][37]. Such benefits have been investigated in multiple studies on their effect against prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, the induction of apoptosis in colon cancer, and the inhibition of angiogenesis [38][39][40][41][42][43].…”