Gamma‐ray radiation induced dwarf mutants of turf‐type bermudagrass

Lu, Shengyong; Wang, Z.; Niu, Yuqing; Chen, Y.; Chen, H.; Fan, Zhen; Lin, Jizhen; Yan, Kangting; Guo, Zhenfei; Li, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01544.x

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar results were reported with other species of Poaceae family (Busey, 1980;Krishna et al, 1984;Hase et al, 1999;Zaka et al, 2002). Results showed that gamma irradiation doses of 70 to 113 Gy were successful in creating bermudagrass mutants, concurring with earlier reports (Powel et al, 1974;Burton, 1985;Hanna et al, 1997b;Caetano-Anolles, 1999;Hanna and Elsner, 1999;Lu et al, 2009 Lu et al, (2009) and (Li et al, 2010), respectively. Dwarfisms have been associated with defection in biosynthesis or reception of gibberellins (Ross et al 1997), brassinosteroids (Noguchi et al 1999), and regulation of cell elongation (Takahashi et al 1995) or with abnormal cell walls (Reiter et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Gamma-ray Irradiation Induces Useful Morphological Variation in Bermudagrass

Mutlu

Djapo

Özmen

et al. 2015

Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. is a widely used warm-season turfgrass species in warmer regions of the world. Gamma (ɣ) irradiation has been used to generate useful variations in turfgrass breeding for various morphological traits. The objective of the present study was to measure and determine variations in morphology and turfgrass characteristics of a native drought resistant bermudagrass germplasm irradiated with 70, 90 or 110 Gy using a 60 Co source. The stolons containing a single node were irradiated and immediately planted for regeneration in a greenhouse at the Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. Selected mutants regenerated from the irradiated stolons were clonally propagated and transplanted into plastic pots for further observations of turfgrass characteristics. Survival rates of stolons exposed to 70, 90 and 110 Gy were 76%, 43% and 17% respectively, 6 weeks after treatment. Dosages of 85 and 57 Gy were determined as LD50 and LD20 for the cuttings, respectively. The linear reduction of survival rate with increasing gamma-rays was highly correlated (r 2 =0.99). A total of four mutant lines (0.3 % of the irradiated plants) showed a distinct dwarfed growth habit. Three of these lines were originated from 70 Gy and one from 110 Gy. These mutant lines exhibited more dwarf growth habit, higher shoot density, finer leaf texture than parental genotype. Mutant lines developed in this study can be used for the development of improved bermudagrass cultivars for landscaping and sports turf.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Gamma-ray Irradiation Induces Useful Morphological Variation in Bermudagrass

Mutlu

Djapo

Özmen

et al. 2015

Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In total, of the 4301 treated stolon cuttings, 15 morphological mutants (0.35% of the irradiated plants) with a semidwarfed growth habit were identified. Similar to our results, the useful mutant rates were 0.3% in Raleigh St. Augustinegrass (Li et al, 2010) and bermudagrass (Lu et al, 2009; Sever Mutlu et al, 2015). The practical doses for the two genotypes were 40 and 50 Gy.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…2 and 3). Similar reductions were reported in Raleigh St. Augustinegrass (36-48%) (Li et al, 2010), bermudagrass (50-55%) (Lu et al, 2009), and in other species of grass family (31-84%) (Cheema and Atta, 2003;Al-Salhi et al, 2004;Borzouei et al, 2010;Nasab et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2015). Dwarfisms have been associated with defection in biosynthesis or reception of gibberellins (Phinney, 1985;Ross et al, 1997), brassinosteroids (Noguchi et al, 1999), and regulation of cell elongation (Takahashi et al, 1995) or with abnormal cell walls (Reiter et al, 1993).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Gamma‐Ray Irradiation Improves Turfgrass Characteristics of St. Augustinegrass

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is a warm‐season turfgrass with medium to high shade tolerance, a valuable trait for use in lawns, particularly in smaller residential landscapes and other green spaces where trees are dominant. However, their long internodes and very coarse leaf and stolon texture are undesirable in home lawns and public spaces. Gamma (γ) irradiation has been used to induce useful variations for various morphological traits in turfgrass breeding. The objective of the present study was to induce dwarf and semidwarf phenotypes from two St. Augustine germplasms, S1 and S2, irradiated with 50, 100, 150, or 300 Gy and 20, 40, 80 or 120 Gy respectively, using a 60Co source. The lethal does (LD50) for S1 and S2 genotypes were 95 and 103 Gy, respectively. The linear reduction of survival rate with increasing gamma rays was highly correlated (r2 = 0.96 and 0.87). The 15 morphological mutants (0.35% of the irradiated plants) with a semidwarfed growth habits were identified among 4301 node cuttings. The mutant lines exhibited up to 40% shorter plant height and finer leaf and stolon texture than parental genotypes. Mutant lines developed in this study may offer improved St. Augustinegrass cultivars for landscaping.

show abstract

“…By itself, dwarfism can be a highly desirable trait for turfgrass because dwarf cultivars require less frequent mowing and can therefore reduce costs associated with lawn maintenance ( Johnson, 1994 ). There are other beneficial phenotypes associated with dwarfism in turfgrass, such as drought tolerance ( Lu et al, 2009 ). Additionally, we have reported that, in perennial ryegrass, prostrate growth can be a beneficial secondary phenotype associated with dwarfism ( Chen et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been well documented that many dwarf mutants are dominant or semi-dominant ( Busov et al, 2008 ). Dwarfism itself is an important trait for perennial ryegrass, as it can reduce costs associated with mowing, irrigation, and fertilization ( Hanna and Elsner, 1999 ; Lu et al, 2008 , 2009 ). Other beneficial traits, such as prostrate growth, are also associated with dwarfism in perennial ryegrass ( Chen et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Two-Step Method for Screening Shade Tolerant Mutant Plants via Dwarfism

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When subjected to shade, plants undergo rapid shoot elongation, which often makes them more prone to disease and mechanical damage. Shade-tolerant plants can be difficult to breed; however, they offer a substantial benefit over other varieties in low-light areas. Although perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a popular species of turf grasses because of their good appearance and fast establishment, the plant normally does not perform well under shade conditions. It has been reported that, in turfgrass, induced dwarfism can enhance shade tolerance. Here we describe a two-step procedure for isolating shade tolerant mutants of perennial ryegrass by first screening for dominant dwarf mutants, and then screening dwarf plants for shade tolerance. The two-step screening process to isolate shade tolerant mutants can be done efficiently with limited space at early seedling stages, which enables quick and efficient isolation of shade tolerant mutants, and thus facilitates development of shade tolerant new cultivars of turfgrasses. Using the method, we isolated 136 dwarf mutants from 300,000 mutagenized seeds, with 65 being shade tolerant (0.022%). When screened directly for shade tolerance, we recovered only four mutants from a population of 150,000 (0.003%) mutagenized seeds. One shade tolerant mutant, shadow-1, was characterized in detail. In addition to dwarfism, shadow-1 and its sexual progeny displayed high degrees of tolerance to both natural and artificial shade. We showed that endogenous gibberellin (GA) content in shadow-1 was higher than wild-type controls, and shadow-1 was also partially GA insensitive. Our novel, simple and effective two-step screening method should be applicable to breeding shade tolerant cultivars of turfgrasses, ground covers, and other economically important crop plants that can be used under canopies of existing vegetation to increase productivity per unit area of land.

show abstract

Gamma‐ray radiation induced dwarf mutants of turf‐type bermudagrass

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Gamma-ray Irradiation Induces Useful Morphological Variation in Bermudagrass

Gamma-ray Irradiation Induces Useful Morphological Variation in Bermudagrass

Gamma‐Ray Irradiation Improves Turfgrass Characteristics of St. Augustinegrass

A Novel Two-Step Method for Screening Shade Tolerant Mutant Plants via Dwarfism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About