Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. is a widely used warm-season turfgrass species in warmer regions of the world. Gamma (ɣ) irradiation has been used to generate useful variations in turfgrass breeding for various morphological traits. The objective of the present study was to measure and determine variations in morphology and turfgrass characteristics of a native drought resistant bermudagrass germplasm irradiated with 70, 90 or 110 Gy using a 60 Co source. The stolons containing a single node were irradiated and immediately planted for regeneration in a greenhouse at the Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey. Selected mutants regenerated from the irradiated stolons were clonally propagated and transplanted into plastic pots for further observations of turfgrass characteristics. Survival rates of stolons exposed to 70, 90 and 110 Gy were 76%, 43% and 17% respectively, 6 weeks after treatment. Dosages of 85 and 57 Gy were determined as LD50 and LD20 for the cuttings, respectively. The linear reduction of survival rate with increasing gamma-rays was highly correlated (r 2 =0.99). A total of four mutant lines (0.3 % of the irradiated plants) showed a distinct dwarfed growth habit. Three of these lines were originated from 70 Gy and one from 110 Gy. These mutant lines exhibited more dwarf growth habit, higher shoot density, finer leaf texture than parental genotype. Mutant lines developed in this study can be used for the development of improved bermudagrass cultivars for landscaping and sports turf.
Dorystoechas hastata is a relict endemic species grown in Antalya, Turkey. The species is under risk of extinction due mainly to the uncontrolled mass collection for its pharmacological properties. The objectives of the study were to assess morphological diversity of D. hastata in its natural habitat, and the effect of habitat characteristics on the species diversity. The 59 genotypes representing 16 populations, encompassing the complete natural habitat, were morphologically characterized. Results revealed that the species was naturally located from sea level (4 m) up to 2000 m, in a wider geographic area than stated previously. It occupies different habitat structures ranging from forests, especially at lower altitudes, to the steppe regions with limestone slopes and stony sections at the higher altitudes. The majority of genotypes occupied either south, southeastern or southwest aspects. Results proved the existence of substantial variation within and among populations for morphological characteristics as confirmed by principal component and cluster analyses. The results are expected to aid better understanding of the genetic variation and distribution of D. hastata and may assist in cultivation of the species and selection of candidate genotypes for future conservation and breeding programs.
Brassinosteroids are steroidal phytohormones with a significant role in the amelioration of various stresses. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of foliar application of 24‐epibrassinolide (EBL) on growth and quality of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) grown under salt stress. The plants were grown under non saline or saline conditions (6 dS m−1), and were sprayed with 0.00 and 0.15 mg L−1 EBL. Salt stress significantly reduced the shoot growth and turfgrass quality. However, EBL alleviated detrimental effects of the salt stress by enhancing turfgrass quality (7–26%), and increasing shoot growth and clipping yield. The EBL application under salt stress alleviated loss in clipping yield by 35 and 12%; and reduced leaf firing, through weeks 2–6 post‐application, by 75–40 and 50–20% for perennial ryegrass and tall fescue, respectively. The EBL may find additional use in stress management of turfgrass areas.
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