Gamma-ray families with halos: Main characteristics and possibilities of using them to estimate the p+He fraction in the mass composition of cosmic rays at energies 1–100 PeV

Borisov, A. S.; Denisova, V. G.; Guseva, Z. M.; Kanevskaya, E. A.; Pyatovsky, S. E.; Коган, М. Н.; Морозов, А. Е.; Mukhamedshin, R. A.; Puchkov, V. S.; Shaulov, S.B.; Shoziyoev, G.; Smirnova, M. D.

doi:10.1051/epjconf/201714519008

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…with halo Some gamma families detected in the HADRON experiment have diffuse continuous darkening spot in their center, commonly named halo [46,47,48]. The peak of the EAS size distribution among the events with halo falls just into the region of scaling violation between N e (3 − 10) • 10 6 , and the average slope of gamma ray spectrum in these events is β = (1.03 ± 0.07); in the coordinate frame of Fig.…”

Section: The Gamma Ray Spectrum In the Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling violation in interaction of cosmic ray hadrons and the nature of the 3 PeV knee in the spectrum of primary cosmic rays

Shaulov,

Shepetov,

Kupriyanova

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Energy spectra of the most energetic hadrons in the core region of extensive air showers (EAS) were studied in dependence on the EAS energy E 0 in the hybrid experiment HADRON at the Tien Shan mountain cosmic ray station. For the first time by direct measurement it was found in this experiment that the slope of the power energy spectrum of EAS hadrons diminishes itself locally, and the average hadron energy, correspondingly, increases between the E 0 borders 3 PeV and 20 PeV. Such behavior agrees with threshold appearance in EAS, in the same energy range, of a long-flying penetrative component which was earlier revealed at the Tien Shan station. Now we reconsider this Tien Shan result in comparison with the new data of modern collider experiments. The analysis permits to state unambiguously an astrophysical nature of the penetrative EAS component, and to discuss its probable connection with the origin of the famous knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays at E 0 3 PeV.

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Section: The Gamma Ray Spectrum In the Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling violation in interaction of cosmic ray hadrons and the nature of the 3 PeV knee in the spectrum of primary cosmic rays

Shaulov,

Shepetov,

Kupriyanova

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…However, multiple results of simulation studies of the process of family production in XREC, such as [20,25,26,27], are quite opposite, though intuitively reasonable: since the maximum of shower development in EAS which stem from the light particles (p and He) is located essentially deeper in the atmosphere than for heavy nuclei (Fe), it is the light component of primary cosmic rays which is most probable to carry the largest part of its initial energy with minimum losses up to the level of the Tien Shan station, and to generate XREC families there with highest efficiency. Thus, according to [20], about 80% of family events detected at the Tien Shan station must be originated from interaction of cosmic ray protons and helium nuclei.…”

Section: The Anomaly Of Muon Content In the Showersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the unique penetrative capability of muons many still obscure problems of the physics of cosmic rays can be elucidated by the study of their muonic component. It is known that at first interaction of a high energy cosmic ray particle which generally takes place somewhere at a height of (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) km in the Earth's atmosphere, a multitude of pions and kaons is born whose further fate determines development of a subsequent extensive air shower (EAS). Secondary mesons can either collide in their Email address: ashep@tien-shan.org (A. L. Shepetov) turn with atmosphere nuclei giving rise to the next generation of nuclear-active particles, or to decay by one of the weak interaction channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise of muon content in extensive air showers after the 3 PeV knee of the primary cosmic ray spectrum according to data of the Tien Shan mountain installation

Shepetov,

Shaulov,

Likiy

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We put together the experimental results on muon component of extensive air showers (EAS) which were gained with various techniques at the detector complex of the Tien Shan mountain station. According to this comparison, the problem of the EAS muon content in the range of primary cosmic ray energies (1 − 100) PeV seems to be more complicated than it was usually supposed. Generally, from the models of nuclear interaction it follows that the EAS which have produced gamma-hadron families in the Tien Shan X-ray emulsion chamber did preferably originate from interaction of the light cosmic ray nuclei, such that their muon abundance must be ∼1.5 times below an average calculated over all showers. In contrary, the experimental muon counts in the EAS with families demonstrate a (1.5 − 2)-fold excess above the average, and this difference starts to be observable in the showers with the energy above the 3 PeV knee of the primary cosmic ray spectrum. Later on, the rise of muon production in EAS after the knee was confirmed at Tien Shan by another experiment on detection of the neutrons stemmed from interaction of cosmic ray muons. Thus, the results obtained by the two completely different methods do mutually agree with each other but contradict to the common models of hadron interaction.

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“…Some gamma families detected in the HADRON experiment have diffuse continuous darkening spot in their center, commonly named halo [46][47][48]. The peak of the EAS size distribution among the events with halo falls just into the region of scaling violation between N e (3-10) • 10 6 , and the average slope of gamma ray spectrum in these events is β = (1.03 ± 0.07); in the coordinate frame of figure 9 both values are designated by a star marker.…”

Section: The Gamma Ray Spectrum In the Families With Halomentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling violation in interaction of cosmic ray hadrons and the nature of the 3 PeV knee in the spectrum of primary cosmic rays

Shaulov¹,

Vildanova²,

Kupriyanova³

et al. 2021

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Energy spectra of the most energetic hadrons in the core region of extensive air showers (EASs) were studied in dependence on the EAS energy E 0 in the hybrid experiment HADRON at the Tien Shan mountain cosmic ray station. For the first time by direct measurement it was found in this experiment that the slope of the power energy spectrum of EAS hadrons diminishes itself locally, and the average hadron energy, correspondingly, increases between the E 0 borders 3 PeV and 20 PeV. Such behavior agrees with threshold appearance in EAS, in the same energy range, of a long-flying penetrative component which was earlier revealed at the Tien Shan station. Now we reconsider this Tien Shan result in comparison with the new data of modern collider experiments. The analysis permits to state unambiguously an astrophysical nature of the penetrative EAS component, and to discuss its probable connection with the origin of the famous knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays at E 0 ≃ 3 PeV.

show abstract

Gamma-ray families with halos: Main characteristics and possibilities of using them to estimate the p+He fraction in the mass composition of cosmic rays at energies 1–100 PeV

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Scaling violation in interaction of cosmic ray hadrons and the nature of the 3 PeV knee in the spectrum of primary cosmic rays

Scaling violation in interaction of cosmic ray hadrons and the nature of the 3 PeV knee in the spectrum of primary cosmic rays

The rise of muon content in extensive air showers after the 3 PeV knee of the primary cosmic ray spectrum according to data of the Tien Shan mountain installation

Scaling violation in interaction of cosmic ray hadrons and the nature of the 3 PeV knee in the spectrum of primary cosmic rays

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