Gamma-Ray Blazars within the First 2 Billion Years

Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Baldini, Luca; Ballet, J.; Barbiellini, G.; Bastieri, D.; González, J. Becerra; Bellazzini, R.; Bissaldi, E.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Bonino, R.; Bottacini, E.; Bregeon, J.; Bruel, Pascal; Buehler, R.; Buson, S.; Cameron, R. A.; Caragiulo, M.; Caraveo, P. A.; Cavazzuti, E.; Cecchi, C.; Cheung, C. C.; Chiang, J.; Chiaro, G.; Ciprini, S.; Conrad, J.; Costantin, D.; Costanza, F.; Cutini, S.; D’Ammando, F.; Palma, F. de; Desiante, R.; Digel, S. W.; Lalla, N. Di; Mauro, Mattia Di; Venere, L. Di; Domínguez, A.; Drell, P. S.; Favuzzi, C.; Fegan, S. J.; Ferrara, E. C.; Finke, J.; Focke, W. B.; Fukazawa, Y.; Funk, S.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Gasparrini, D.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Giroletti, M.; Green, D.; Grenier, I. A.; Guillemot, L.; Guiriec, S.; Hartmann, D.; Hays, E.; Horan, D.; Jogler, T.; Jóhannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kuss, M.; Mura, G. La; Larsson, Stefan; Latronico, L.; Li, J.; Longo, F.; Loparco, F.; Lovellette, M. N.; Lubrano, P.; Magill, J. D.; Maldera, S.; Manfreda, Alberto; Marcotulli, L.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Michelson, P. F.; Mirabal, N.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Mizuno, T.; Monzani, M. E.; Morselli, A.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Negro, Michela; Nuss, E.; Ohsugi, T.; Ojha, R.; Omodei, N.; Orienti, M.; Orlando, E.; Ormes, J. F.; Paliya, Vaidehi S.; Paneque, D.; Perkins, J. S.; Peršić, M.; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa; Piron, F.; Porter, T. A.; Principe, G.; Rainò, S.; Rando, R.; Rani, Bindu; Razzano, M.; Razzaque, S.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Romani, Roger W.; Sgrò, C.; Simone, D.; Siskind, E. J.; Spada, F.; Spandre, G.; Spinelli, P.; Stalin, C. S.; Stawarz, Ł.; Suson, D. J.; Takahashi, Mitsunari; Tanaka, Kei E. I.; Thayer, J. B.; Thompson, D. J.; Torres, D. F.; Torresi, E.; Tosti, G.; Troja, E.; Vianello, G.; Wood, K. S.

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa5fff

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Blazars are a particular type of AGN in which the jet is almost Contact e-mail: holgado2@illinois.edu aligned with the line-of-sight (i.e., 5 • ) as described by the AGN unification model (e.g., Urry & Padovani 1995;Urry 2000). The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope has provided the most complete all-sky catalog of blazars out to redshift z 4 (e.g., Acero et al 2015;Ackermann et al 2017). Blazars may exhibit multiwavelength quasi-periodicities on a variety of timescales which have been proposed to possibly range from days to years (e.g., Ackermann et al 2015;Sandrinelli et al 2016Sandrinelli et al , 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsar timing constraints on the Fermi massive black hole binary blazar population

Holgado

Sesana

Sandrinelli

et al. 2018

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters

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Blazars are a sub-population of quasars whose jets are nearly aligned with the line-of-sight, which tend to exhibit multi-wavelength variability on a variety of timescales. Quasi-periodic variability on year-like timescales has been detected in a number of bright sources, and has been connected to the orbital motion of a putative massive black hole binary. If this were indeed the case, those blazar binaries would contribute to the nanohertz gravitational-wave stochastic background. We test the binary hypothesis for the blazar population observed by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, which consists of BL Lacertae objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars. Using mock populations informed by the luminosity functions for BL Lacertae objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars with redshifts z 2, we calculate the expected gravitational wave background and compare it to recent pulsar timing array upper limits. The two are consistent only if a fraction 10 −3 of blazars hosts a binary with orbital periods < 5 years. We therefore conclude that binarity cannot significantly explain year-like quasi-periodicity in blazars.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsar timing constraints on the Fermi massive black hole binary blazar population

Holgado

Sesana

Sandrinelli

et al. 2018

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters

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“…Moreover it is believed that this large jet power can be traced to efficient extraction of rotational energy of a black hole with spin a (Blandford & Znajek 1977). Thus searches for blazar sources at high z (see also Ackermann et al 2017) may be a particularly interesting probe of the accretiondominated growth channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SED Constraints on the Highest-z Blazar Jet: QSO J0906+6930

Romani

2018

ApJ

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We report on Gemini, NuSTAR and 8-year Fermi observations of the most distant blazar QSO J0906+6930 (z = 5.48). We construct a broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) and model the SED using a synchro-Compton model. The measurements find a ∼ 4 × 10 9 M ⊙ mass for the black hole and a spectral break at ∼4 keV in the combined fit of the new NuSTAR and archival Chandra data. The SED fitting constrains the bulk Doppler factor δ of the jet to 9 +2.5 −3 for QSO J0906+6930. Similar, but weaker δ constraints are derived from SED modeling of the three other claimed z > 5 blazars. Together, these extrapolate to ∼ 620 similar sources, fully 20% of the optically bright, high mass AGN expected at 5 < z < 5.5. This has interesting implications for the early growth of massive black holes.

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“…This is comprised of luminous sources at highredshift or intrinsically faint sources at low redshift. The former are important to understand the cosmological evolu-E-mail: bassi@ifc.inaf.it tion of γ-ray blazars (Ajello et al 2012, and references therein), hence to trace the growth of the super-massive black holes (SMBHs) powering the extragalactic jets (Volonteri et al 2011;Ghisellini 2013a;Ackermann et al 2017). The latter includes low-luminosity blazars (Massaro et al 2017) and a heterogeneous ensemble of sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faint γ-ray sources at low redshift: the radio galaxy IC 1531

Bassi

Migliori

Grandi³

et al. 2018

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present a multi-wavelength study of IC 1531 (z=0.02564), an extragalactic radio source associated with the γ-ray object 3FGL J0009.9−3206 and classified as a blazar of uncertain type in the Third Fermi Large Area Telescope AGN Catalog (3LAC). A core-jet structure, visible in radio and X-rays, is enclosed within a ∼220 kpc wide radio structure. The morphology and spectral characteristics of the kiloparsec jet in radio and X-rays are typical of Fanaroff-Riley type I galaxies. The analysis of the radio data and optical spectrum and different diagnostic methods based on the optical, infrared and γ-ray luminosities also support a classification as a low-power radio galaxy seen at moderate angles (θ =10 • -20 • ). In the framework of leptonic models, the high-energy peak of the non-thermal nuclear spectral energy distribution can be explained in terms of synchrotron-self-Compton emission from a jet seen at θ ∼15 • . Similarly to other misaligned AGNs detected by Fermi, the required bulk motion is lower (Γ bulk =4) than the values inferred in BL Lac objects, confirming that, because of the de-boosting of emission from the highly-relativistic blazar region, these nearby systems are valuable targets to probe the existence of multiple sites of production of the most energetic emission in the jets.

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Gamma-Ray Blazars within the First 2 Billion Years

Cited by 51 publications

References 41 publications

Pulsar timing constraints on the Fermi massive black hole binary blazar population

Pulsar timing constraints on the Fermi massive black hole binary blazar population

SED Constraints on the Highest-z Blazar Jet: QSO J0906+6930

Faint γ-ray sources at low redshift: the radio galaxy IC 1531

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