“…Based on conducted studies, it has been found that gamification can increase students' learning motivation, especially for those with low to moderate self-confidence levels in mathematics. Furthermore, motivating tasks, challenges, competitions, rewards and performance improvements can increase students' motivation to learn mathematics (Bouzid et al, 2021;Jagust et al, 2018;Jarrah et al, 2022;Lanuza, 2020;Lanuza et al, 2020;Nasir et al, 2023;Yang and Chen, 2021). By allowing students to select their own challenges and rewards, gamification also helps to personalise maths learning by progressing at their own pace and receiving immediate feedback (Bouzid et al, 2021;Hamid et al, 2022;Hernandez-Nieto and Martinez, 2019;Jarrah et al, 2022;Lanuza, 2020).…”