GamCog: A measurement instrument for miscognitions related to gamblification, gambling, and video gaming.

Macey, Joseph; Hamari, Juho

doi:10.1037/adb0000526

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…There are various concerns about the convergence of gaming and gambling, as expressed by Macey and Hamari (2020), such as financial struggles and problem gambling (King & Delfabbro, 2018;Macey & Hamari, 2018;Wilber & Potenza, 2006;Zendle & Cairns, 2018). For instance, predatory monetization schemes found in some video games have been suggested to evoke feelings of entrapment; this is similar to the psychological concept of sunk-cost fallacy, in which players believe they have invested too much time in the game to stop playing, even at the cost of financial loss and psychological health (Brockner et al, 1979;King & Delfabbro, 2018).…”

Section: Convergence Of Gambling and Gamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Playing to Escape: Examining Escapism in Gamblers and Gamers

Puiras¹,

Cummings²,

Mazmanian³

2020

JGI

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This study examines negative and positive escapism in gamblers, gamers, and individuals who gamble and game. University students (N = 387) completed a battery of online questionnaires that included a demographic information scale, measures of the frequency and type of activity (i.e., gambling, gaming), and modified escapism scales that assessed both positive and negative escapism. Participants included 134 (34.9%) individuals who both gamble and game, 91 (23.7%) exclusive gamblers, 82 (21.4%) exclusive gamers, and 76 (19.8%) individuals who did not engage in either activity. The majority of the participants were female (74.2%). One-way analyses of variance revealed that both negative and positive escapism scores were significantly higher in gamers than in gamblers. Furthermore, individuals who both gamble and game had higher escapism scores associated with participating in gaming activities rather than gambling activities. This result suggests that individuals who play games have different motives to play than do individuals who gamble. Differences in motivation for game play may help in understanding the distinction between gamblers and gamers. As a practical implication, this distinction could be particularly relevant, given the recent blurring of boundaries between the two industries. Other practical and theoretical implications include the development of modified escapism measures for gamblers, as well as further support for the theoretical conceptualization of escapism as negative or positive.RésuméCette étude porte sur la quête d’évasion, négative ou positive, chez les adeptes des jeux de hasard, des jeux vidéo ou des deux activités à la fois. Des étudiants universitaires (N = 387) ont répondu à une batterie de questionnaires en ligne, qui comportaient une échelle de données démographiques, des mesures de la fréquence et du genre d’activité (à savoir, jeux de hasard ou jeux vidéo) ainsi que des échelles destinées à évaluer le caractère tant positif que négatif du désir d’évasion. Sur ce nombre, 134 (34,9 %) pratiquaient les deux activités; 91 (23,7 %), les jeux de hasard uniquement; 82 (21,4 %), les jeux vidéo seulement; enfin, 76 (19,8 %) ne pratiquaient ni l’une ni l’autre. Une majorité de femmes ont participé à l’étude (74,2 %). L’analyse de la variance à un facteur révèle des résultats sensiblement plus élevés, en ce qui touche les deux types d’évasion, pour les jeux vidéo par rapport aux jeux de hasard. Par ailleurs, les individus qui s’adonnent aux deux activités affichaient, dans la pratique des jeux vidéo, des résultats plus élevés que dans celle des jeux de hasard. Ce constat suggère que les motivations des adeptes de jeux vidéo diffèrent de celles des adeptes de jeux de hasard. Les différences relevées pourraient nous aider à comprendre ce qui distingue les deux types de joueurs. Compte tenu du brouillage récent des frontières entre les deux secteurs, cette observation pourrait s’avérer des plus pertinente. D’autres implications de nature pratique et théorique peuvent en découler, notamment la conception d’une échelle de mesure modifiée de la quête d’évasion s’appliquant aux adeptes des jeux de hasard, ainsi que des connaissances utiles à la conceptualisation théorique de l’évasion en tant que phénomène pouvant être négatif ou positif.

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Section: Convergence Of Gambling and Gamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Playing to Escape: Examining Escapism in Gamblers and Gamers

Puiras¹,

Cummings²,

Mazmanian³

2020

JGI

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“…Future studies should address the different, possibly addiction-provoking properties, structural features, game types ( Macey & Hamari, 2019 ), cognitions and cognitive frameworks ( Brooks & Clark, 2019 ; Macey & Hamari, 2020 ) of video games in order to better understand how these two potentially addictive behaviours—gambling and gaming—might be interrelated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Money used in gaming is associated with problem gambling: Results of the ESPAD 2019 Finland

Castrén

Järvinen-Tassopoulos

Raitasalo

2021

JBA

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Background and aims The convergence of gaming and gambling may pose a risk for adolescents. Thus, it is important to find out how these behaviours are associated with other addictive behaviours in order to develop efficient preventive measures for youth. The aim of this study was to examine 1) whether problematic gaming and money used for gaming activities are risk factors for gambling, and 2) what kind of impact adolescents’ substance use along with other factors related to friends and parents have on this association. Methods The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs data, 2019 of Finnish adolescents aged 15 to 16 (N = 4595). Cross-tabulations with Rao-Scott’s chisquare tests were applied to study the associations of the background factors with gambling in the past 12 months. A multinomial logistic regression model was fitted for the outcome variable (gambling in the past 12 months) adjusted for all independent and background variables. Results Problematic gaming alone was not associated with gambling participation, whereas using money for digital games increased the risk of gambling. Boys gamble more than girls. The use of alcohol and drugs increased the risk of gambling. Parental monitoring reduced the risk of gambling, whereas hanging around weekly with friends increased the risk. Discussion and conclusions Using money on gaming sites may put some adolescents at risk of developing problems with either gaming or gambling. The link between using money in digital games and gambling participation calls for preventive measures, intervention and regulatory acts.

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“…Self-reported perceptions of gambling-related skill were measured using the Perceived Gambling Skill (PGS) subscale of the GamCog [ 40 ]. The GamCog is an instrument used in the assessment of cognitions within a gambling or video gaming context.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualising emotional and cognitive dysregulation amongst sports bettors; an exploratory study of ‘tilting’ in a new context

et al. 2022

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Tilting is a poker-related phenomenon that involves cognitive and emotional dysregulation in response to unfavourable gambling outcomes. Tilting is characterised by an increase in irrational, impulsive and strategically weak betting decisions. This study aimed to adapt and investigate the concept of tilting amongst sport bettors in order to provide preliminary insight regarding previously unexplored instances of maladaptive sports betting. The sample consisted of 225 sports bettors who completed an online questionnaire that investigated their reported tilting episodes, awareness of tilting, impulsivity, perceived skill, gambling severity, gambling frequency, and product preferences. Cluster analyses revealed three distinct groups of sports bettors based on their reported tilting episodes and their awareness of this phenomenon. The first group were labelled ‘Conscious tilters’ due to being cognizant of their own tilting occurrence which was significantly higher than the other two groups. These ‘Conscious tilters’ had the highest mean problem gambling severity that was indicative of the ‘problem gambler’ categorisation. The second group were labelled ‘Unconscious tilters’ due to their underestimation of their own tilting occurrence and were categorised as ‘moderate risk gamblers’. The third group were labelled ‘Non-tilters’ due to a relatively accurate perception of their low to non-existent tilting occurrence and were categorised as ‘low-risk gamblers’. Additionally, there were significant differences between these groups in relation to reported gambling frequency, impulsivity, and product preferences. There is evidence of various classifications of ‘tilters’ within sports betting. Specific sports betting product features may also facilitate tilting and therefore require further research in this context. It is important for this research area to develop in order to mitigate harms associated with the rapidly changing sport betting environment.

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GamCog: A measurement instrument for miscognitions related to gamblification, gambling, and video gaming.

Cited by 16 publications

References 63 publications

Playing to Escape: Examining Escapism in Gamblers and Gamers

Playing to Escape: Examining Escapism in Gamblers and Gamers

Money used in gaming is associated with problem gambling: Results of the ESPAD 2019 Finland

Conceptualising emotional and cognitive dysregulation amongst sports bettors; an exploratory study of ‘tilting’ in a new context

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