Galvanotaxis of human granulocytes

Rapp, Bertram; Boisfleury-Chevance, A de; Gruler, Hans

doi:10.1007/bf00254068

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The constant of proportionality, KG, is the galvanotaxis constant introduced above. The same linear dependence also holds for human granulocytes in an electric field with KG-' = 200 mV/mm [Rapp et al, 1988;Gruler, 19891. When cells are modeled as automatic controllers, this linear dependence means that the system is a proportional controller [Gruler, 1990;Gruler and Franke, 19901.…”

Section: The Galvanotaxis Coefficient Ksupporting

confidence: 57%

Neural crest cell galvanotaxis: New data and a novel approach to the analysis of both galvanotaxis and chemotaxis

Gruler

Nuccitelli

1991

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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The galvanotaxis response of neural crest cells that had migrated out of the neural tube of a 56-hr-old quail embryo onto glass coverslips was observed using time-lapse video microscopy. These cells exhibit a track velocity of about 7 microns/min and actively translocate toward the negative pole of an imposed DC electric field. This nonrandom migration could be detected for fields as low as 7 mV/mm (0.4 mV/cell length). We find that this directional migration is independent of the speed of migration and have generated a rather simple mathematical equation that fits these data. We find that the number of cells that translocate at a given angle, phi, with respect to the field is given by the equation N(phi) = exp(a0 + a1cos phi), where a1 is linearly proportional to the electric field strength for fields less than 390 mV/mm with a constant of proportionality equal to KG, the galvanotaxis constant. We show that KG = (150 mV/mm)-1, and at this field strength the cellular response is approximately half maximal. This approach to cellular translocation data analysis is generalizable to other directed movements such as chemotaxis and allows the direct comparison of different types of directed movements This analysis requires that the response of every cell, rather than averages of cellular responses, is reported. Once an equation for N(phi) is derived, several characteristics of the cellular response can be determined. Specifically, we describe 1) the critical field strength (390 mV/mm) below which the cellular response exhibits a simple, linear dependence on field strength (for larger field strengths, an inhibitory constant can be used to fit the data, suggesting that larger field strengths influence a second cellular target that inhibits the first); and 2) the amount of information the cell must obtain in order to generate the observed asymmetry in the translocation distribution (for a field strength of 100 mV/mm, 0.3 bits of information is required).

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Section: The Galvanotaxis Coefficient Ksupporting

confidence: 57%

Neural crest cell galvanotaxis: New data and a novel approach to the analysis of both galvanotaxis and chemotaxis

Gruler

Nuccitelli

1991

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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“…Obviously the cellular environment can alter the type of the cellular response. This change in directional response of granulocytes as a function of proton concentration can be explained by the isoelectric point of an essential protein (G-protein) in the signal transduction chain as Rapp et al (1988) have shown. Here we will show that the Ca + + concentration can also change the response of granulocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Unfortunately the whole signal chain of the cell is not employed. Rapp et al (1988) showed, that the essential protein in galvanotaxis is the G-protein which is next to the chemotactic receptor in the signal chain (Becker et al 1987). Fukushima et al (1954) published trajectories of E-jump experiments: There exists a time-lag of 10 to 20 s between the application of the signal and the reaction of the cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Galvanotaxis of human granulocytes: electric field jump studies

Franke

Gruler

1990

Eur Biophys J

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The static and dynamic responses of human granulocytes to an electric field were investigated. The trajectories of the cells were determined from digitized pictures (phase contrast). The basic results are: (i) The track velocity is a constant as shown by means of the velocity autocorrelation function. (ii) The chemokinetic signal transduction/response mechanism is described in analogy to enzyme kinetics. The model predicts a single gaussian for the track velocity distribution density as measured. (iii) The mean drift velocity induced by an electric field, is the product of the mean track velocity and the polar order parameter. (iv) The galvanotactic dose-response curve was determined and described by using a generating function. This function is linear in E for E less than EO = 0.78 V/mm with a galvanotaxis coefficient KG of (-0.22 V/mm)-1 at 2.5 mM Ca++. For E greater than EO the galvanotactic response is diminished. This inhibition is described by a second term in the generating function (-KG.KI(E-EO)) with an inhibition coefficient KI of 3.5 (v) The characteristic time involved in directed movement is a function of the applied electric field strength: about 30 s at low field strengths and below 10 s at high field strengths. The characteristic time is 32.4 s if the cells have to make a large change in direction of movement even at large field strength (E-jump). (vi) The lag-time between signal recognition and cellular response was 8.3 s. (vii) The galvanotactic response is Ca++ dependent. The granulocytes move towards the anode at 2.5 mM Ca++ towards the cathode at 0.1 mM Ca++. (viii) The directed movement of granulocytes can be described by a proportional-integral controller.

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“…In most cases, cells move towards the cathode; for example, bovine corneal epithelial cells (Zhao et al, 1996), bovine aortic vascular endothelial cells (Li and Kolega, 2002), human retinal pigment epithelial cells (Sulik et al, 1992), human keratinocytes (Sheridan et al, 1996), amphibian neural crest cells (Cooper and Keller, 1984), C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblasts (Onuma and Hui, 1985), fish epidermal cells (Cooper and Shliwa, 1986) and metastatic rat prostate cancer cells . However, some cell types move towards the anode; for example, human granulocytes (Rapp et al, 1988), rabbit corneal endothelial cells (Chang et al, 1996), human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) (Zhao et al, 2004) and metastatic human breast cancer cells (Fraser et al, 2002). Although human dermal melanocytes were recently reported to be insensitive to an external dcEF of 100 mV/mm (Grahn et al, 2003), this might have been due to these cells having a higher threshold (Onuma and Hui, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular mechanisms of direct-current electric field effects: galvanotaxis and metastatic disease

Mycielska

Djamgoz

2004

Journal of Cell Science

329

300

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Endogenous direct-current electric fields (dcEFs) occur in vivo in the form of epithelial transcellular potentials or neuronal field potentials, and a variety of cells respond to dcEFs in vitro by directional movement. This is termed galvanotaxis. The passive influx of Ca2+ on the anodal side should increase the local intracellular Ca2+ concentration, whereas passive efflux and/or intracellular redistribution decrease the local intracellular Ca2+ concentration on the cathodal side. These changes could give rise to `push-pull' effects, causing net movement of cells towards the cathode. However, such effects would be complicated in cells that possess voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and/or intracellular Ca2+ stores. Moreover, voltage-gated Na+ channels, protein kinases, growth factors, surface charge and electrophoresis of proteins have been found to be involved in galvanotaxis. Galvanotactic mechanisms might operate in both the short term (seconds to minutes) and the long term (minutes to hours), and recent work has shown that they might be involved in metastatic disease. The galvanotactic responses of strongly metastatic prostate and breast cancer cells are much more prominent, and the cells move in the opposite direction compared with corresponding weakly metastatic cells. This could have important implications for the metastatic process and has clinical implications. Galvanotaxis could thus play a significant role in both cellular physiology and pathophysiology.

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Galvanotaxis of human granulocytes

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

Neural crest cell galvanotaxis: New data and a novel approach to the analysis of both galvanotaxis and chemotaxis

Neural crest cell galvanotaxis: New data and a novel approach to the analysis of both galvanotaxis and chemotaxis

Galvanotaxis of human granulocytes: electric field jump studies

Cellular mechanisms of direct-current electric field effects: galvanotaxis and metastatic disease

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