Gallbladder Carcinoma Update: Multimodality Imaging Evaluation, Staging, and Treatment Options

Furlan, Alessandro; Ferris, James V.; Hosseinzadeh, Keyanoosh; Borhani, Amir A.

doi:10.2214/ajr.07.3599

Cited by 133 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Female gender and advanced age are demographic risk factors for gallbladder carcinoma (15). In the present study, the male to female ratio was found to be 1:4 in patients with incidentally diagnosed gallbladder cancer, and the mean age of this group was significantly higher than the mean age of the remaining patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in members of the Turkish population with gallstone disease

Genç¹,

Kırımker²,

Akyol³

et al. 2011

Turk J Gastroenterol

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in members of the Turkish population with gallstone disease

Genç¹,

Kırımker²,

Akyol³

et al. 2011

Turk J Gastroenterol

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“…Gallbladder cancer should be suspected on ultrasonography if there is a mass lesion (40-65 %), a polyp of size >10 mm (15-25 %) and focal or diffuse asymmetric wall thickening (20-30 %) or a porcelain gallbladder with wall calcifications [27].The algorithm for management of GBC discovered incidentally during cholecystectomy for GSD is given in Fig. 1.…”

Section: Algorithmic Approach For Igbc Discovered During Cholecystectomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidentally Detected Gallbladder Cancer- The Controversies and Algorithmic Approach to Management

et al. 2012

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Incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer (IGBC) is defined as the gallbladder cancer (GBC) diagnosed during or after the cholecystectomy done for unsuspected benign gallbladder disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the most common procedure performed for benign gallbladder disease worldwide. Majority of GBC patients have associated gallstones. With the advent of ultrasonography more patients are being diagnosed with gallstones and are being subjected to cholecytectomy. IGBC is found in 0.2-2.9 % of all cholecytectomies done for gallstone disease. It represents 27-41 % of all GBC. Patients with IGBC having Tis and T1a stage, with negative cystic duct margin can be treated by simple cholecystectomy alone. Patients with stage T1b and beyond should undergo restaging, and should be treated with radical re -resection (R0). Residual disease is found in 40-76 % patients on re-exploration. The survival rates of patients undergoing re resection for IGBC is similar to those undergoing primary radical surgery. LC is contraindicated in patients with GBC. Patients presenting post LC should undergo radical re-resection and additional port site excision, as they have a high incidence of port site metastasis. At cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease all gallbladder specimens should be opened before closing abdomen and if available all suspicious specimens should be sent for immediate frozen section. All gallbladder specimens should be subjected to histopathology examination to avoid missing GBC. The surgeon should have a high index of suspicion for GBC if encountering difficult cholecystectomy for a benign disease, and in patients with atypical clinical and ultrasound findings in high incidence areas.

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“…Though it is the most common cancer of the biliary tree, gallbladder (GB) cancer is a relatively uncommon gastrointestinal tract malignancy worldwide, and it has been known to be a lethal malignancy [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy in gallbladder cancer

Cho

Kim

Park

et al. 2010

Journal of Surgical Oncology

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Background and Objectives: Gallbladder cancer is a relatively uncommon gastrointestinal malgnancy. Indications for adjuvant chemoradiation therapy after surgical resection have not yet been determined. We aimed this study to elucidate the effectiveness of adjuvant chemoradiation therapy according to TNM stage for gallbladder cancer. Methods: Between March 2001 and March 2009, 100 patients with gallbladder cancer underwent surgical resection. We divided the patients according to TNM stage, and subdivided further according to whether adjuvant chemoradiation therapy was added or not. The clinicopathologic factors, recurrence and survival were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Patients with gallbladder cancer at T2N0M0, T2N1M0, T3N0M0, and T3N1M0 stages were enrolled in this study. Among the four stages, the two lymph node-negative stages (T2N0M0 and T3N0M0) did not show any gain in survival by adding adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Conversely, the remaining lymph node-positive stages (T2N1M0 and T3N1M0) showed gain in disease-free survival, and the lymph node-positive T2 stage (T2N1M0) showed gain in disease-specific survival. In patients with lymph node-positive T2/T3 GB cancers, adjuvant chemoradiation therapy was an independent prognostic factor for survival. Conclusions: Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy is recommended for lymph node-positive T2/T3 gallbladder cancer following surgical resection.

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Gallbladder Carcinoma Update: Multimodality Imaging Evaluation, Staging, and Treatment Options

Abstract: Understanding the characteristic appearances of primary gallbladder carcinoma at multiple imaging modalities can facilitate diagnosis and enable more accurate staging for triage to extended resection or an alternate therapy.

Cited by 133 publications

References 20 publications

Incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in members of the Turkish population with gallstone disease

Incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in members of the Turkish population with gallstone disease

Incidentally Detected Gallbladder Cancer- The Controversies and Algorithmic Approach to Management

Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy in gallbladder cancer

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