Galactocele in a Young Male Patient

Obrist, Peter; Schwabegger, Anton H.; Brunhuber, Thomas; Schäfer, Georg; Kreczy, Alfons

doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000066172.74112.85

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Simple excision through the intra-areolar incision was curative in all reported cases 2,4,[8][9][10][11] , as was in this patient. The needle aspiration of cyst fluid may eliminate the need for the surgery but there are only three such cases reported in the literature 4,5 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…However, one previously reported 28-month-old boy with unilateral galactocele had persistent hyperprolactinemia 8 and another 18-month-old infant with bilateral breast involvement had elevated insulin-like growth factor-1 because of growth hormone treatment of congenital hypopituitarism 9 . In only 3 reported cases, all with unilateral galactocele, isolated congenital malformation was described: renal dysplasia 1 , ventricular septal defect 10 , and cleft lip 11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Unilateral galactocele in a male infant

2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Unilateral galactocele in a male infant

2015

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“…However, given the history of injection augmented mammoplasty, the differential diagnosis was limited in our case. It was rare for a simple galactocele to have such a huge size and involvement of both breasts (11). Mastitis or breast abscess were unlikely associated with such indolent clinical course.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Late Complication of Augmentation Mammoplasty by Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection: Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Huge Galactocele Formation in a Puerperal Woman with Pathological Correlation

Wang

Hsu

et al. 2008

The Breast Journal

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Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) was widely used for injection augmentation mammoplasty in Eastern Europe and China although uncommon in the western countries. However, the safety of this procedure remained controversial. Herein, we report a 30-year-old woman with a history of augmentation mammoplasty by PAAG injection developed galactoceles during her pregnancy. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed huge cystic lesions in bilateral breasts; as a result, the normal breast tissue was almost completely replaced. On the basis of the imaging findings, the patient underwent mastectomy as well as immediate breast reconstruction with satisfactory outcome. It is important to be familiar with the imaging findings of this rare yet severe complication after augmentation mammoplasty in order to make an accurate diagnosis and a proper management.

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“…10 Another cause is the galactocele (a cyst containing milk), which is more likely to be unilateral than bilateral. 11 Finally, HIV-infected patients frequently develop unilateral gynecomastia and the reason for that remains unclear. Evans et al 12 reported on breast enlargement in 13 men who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus and had prolonged exposure to protease inhibitors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Neglected Entity of Unilateral Gynecomastia

Al-Qattan

Hassanain²,

Sultan³

et al. 2005

Annals of Plastic Surgery

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Although there are many articles in the literature on the etiology, classification, and management of gynecomastia, the entity of unilateral gynecomastia has not received much attention. In this article, 15 consecutive males (seen over a 10-year period) with unilateral gynecomastia were retrospectively reviewed. The study showed the unique presentation in this group of patients. One third of the patients (n = 5) had "cancer phobia" and were worried either because of the presence of a mass (n = 2) or because of the unilaterality of their disease (n = 3). The study also showed the predominance of true (glandular) gynecomastia, and this has also been observed in other cases of unilateral involvement in the literature. All patients underwent preoperative mammography. Mammographic findings were consistent with gynecomastia in all patients, including the 2 patients with concurrent breast masses. All patients underwent subcutaneous mastectomy, and histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis. Finally, the literature on unilateral gynecomastia was reviewed.

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Galactocele in a Young Male Patient

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Unilateral galactocele in a male infant

Unilateral galactocele in a male infant

A Late Complication of Augmentation Mammoplasty by Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection: Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Huge Galactocele Formation in a Puerperal Woman with Pathological Correlation

On the Neglected Entity of Unilateral Gynecomastia

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