Galacto-oligosaccharides improve barrier function and relieve colonic inflammation via modulating mucosa-associated microbiota composition in lipopolysaccharides-challenged piglets

Abstract

Background Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have been shown to modulate the intestinal microbiota of suckling piglets to exert beneficial effects on intestinal function. However, the modulation of intestinal microbiota and intestinal function by GOS in intestinal inflammation injury models has rarely been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of GOS on the colonic mucosal microbiota composition, barrier function and inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-challenged suckling piglets. Methods A total of 18 newborn suckling piglets were divided into three groups, the CON group, the LPS-CON group and the LPS-GOS group. Piglets in the LPS-GOS group were orally fed with 1 g/kg body weight of GOS solution every day. On the d 14, piglets in the LPS-CON and LPS-GOS group were challenged intraperitoneally with LPS solution. All piglets were slaughtered 2 h after intraperitoneal injection and sampled. Results We found that the colonic mucosa of LPS-challenged piglets was significantly injured and shedding, while the colonic mucosa of the LPS-GOS group piglets maintained its structure. Moreover, GOS significantly reduced the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the LPS-challenged suckling piglets, and significantly increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). GOS significantly increased the relative abundance of norank_f__Muribaculaceae and Romboutsia, and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Alloprevotella, Campylobacter and Helicobacter in the colonic mucosa of LPS-challenged suckling piglets. In addition, GOS increased the concentrations of acetate, butyrate and total short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colonic digesta of LPS-challenged suckling piglets. GOS significantly reduced the concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and the relative mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) in the LPS-challenged suckling piglets. In addition, GOS significantly reduced the relative mRNA expression of mucin2 (MUC2), and significantly increased the protein expression of Claudin-1 and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in LPS-challenged suckling piglets. Conclusions These results suggested that GOS can modulate the colonic mucosa-associated microbiota composition and improve the intestinal function of LPS-challenged suckling piglets.

Ginsenoside Rg1 Alleviates Acute Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism

“…At the genus level, DSS can reduce the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria and the consumption of Rg1 can partly counteract the effect of DSS. Studies have reported that norank_f _ Muribaculaceae may be a bacterium enriched in the healthy intestinal environment and may be potentially beneficial for relieving inflammation ( 33 , 39 , 40 ). In our study, DSS can significantly reduce the relative abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae , while the relative abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae was increased after Rg1 treatment compared with the DSS group.…”

TLR4 Deficiency Affects the Microbiome and Reduces Intestinal Dysfunctions and Inflammation in Chronic Alcohol-Fed Mice

“…Both the Muribaculaceae family and the Alloprevotella genus significantly increased in the WT mice with alcohol drinking, which corroborates previous findings in alcoholic patients [ 47 ]. Lastly, the Alloprevotella genus has been associated with intestinal permeability and inflammation [ 48 , 49 ], which are common effects of alcohol consumption.…”

Early-life galacto-oligosaccharides supplementation alleviates the small intestinal oxidative stress and dysfunction of lipopolysaccharide-challenged suckling piglets

“…Before GOS was dissolved in physiological saline, the physiological saline was placed in a hot water bath until the temperature of physiological saline was approximately 37 °C. During 13 d after birth, all piglets in the LPS + GOS group were orally administered GOS solution (1 g GOS/kg body weight [ 8 , 23 ]) per day. Meanwhile, all piglets in the CON group and the LPS group were orally administered the same volume of physiological saline.…”