Gait and balance in the aging population: Fall prevention using innovation and technology

Khanuja, Kavisha; Joki, Jaclyn; Bachmann, Gloria; Cuccurullo, Sara

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.01.021

Cited by 57 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Aging population face higher risk of falls with consequent severe injury disability, decreased functional capacity and increased health cost (Khanuja, Joki, Bachmann, & Cuccurullo, 2018). It is estimated that 6% of falls in elderly will lead to fracture (Das & Joseph, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with history of Fall among Elderly people in Southern West Bank

Natour

Jaradat

Badrasawi

2020

Preprint

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Background Elderly men and women have higher risk of fall due to various factors including malnutrition, decreased muscle mass, decreased functional capacity, cognitive impairment and depression. Among Palestinian older adults fall history yet to be studied in term of prevalence and correlates. Objective The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of fall and the differences in fallers and non-fallers among a group of Palestinian elderly living in rural areas in Southern West Bank region of Hebron. Methods The study included 142 participants from two villages: Se'ar and Bani Na'em , Hebron governance. Demographic variables and fall history was collected by a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurement were used to assess nutritional status; physical function was assessed by activity of daily living and instrumental activity of daily living, level of fitness was assessed using senior fitness test. Geriatric scale for depression was used to assess depression and Montreal cognitive assessment test was used to evaluate mild cognitive impairment. Results : 51.7% of study participants were females, the mean age 69.5± 5.7 years old. Positive fall history was present among 11.7% mostly females. Significant relationship with fall was found with larger waist and hip circumference, cognitive impairment, higher level of dependency and slower performance in time up and go (TUG) p<0.05. Conclusion Fall history has considerable prevalence among the study sample and it is correlated with nutritional status, cognitive and physical function. The findings of the study recommend educational and intervention programs to enhance the nutritional status, physical fitness and cognitive function among Palestinian elderly. Further research are needed to determine the risk factors of fall utilizing longitudinal study design and intervention studies to optimize intervention model to enhance the health status and decrease the risk of fall.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with history of Fall among Elderly people in Southern West Bank

Natour

Jaradat

Badrasawi

2020

Preprint

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“…With regard to fall risk, several previous studies have concluded that increased fall risk in the elderly is due to various neurological deficits [4,5,[41][42][43]. Nakagawa et al reported that gender did not influence balance, but that balance significantly decreased as age increased [5].…”

Section: Behavioural Neurologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increases in life expectancy and societal aging have highlighted functional problems experienced by the elderly during daily life and prompted studies on rehabilitation and improving quality of life [1,2]. Balance is an important aspect of rehabilitation and the most basic factor in terms of ambulation and the risk of falls during everyday activities [1,3,4]. Balance maintains body posture and reduces fall risk [5,6] and may be classified as static or dynamic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Age-Related Changes in the Core Vestibular Projection Pathway and Balance Ability: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

Yeo

Kwon

Cho

2020

Behavioural Neurology

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Objective. We investigated the changes of the vestibulospinal tract (VST) and parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and relation to balance between old and young healthy adults. Methods. This study recruited eleven old adults (6 males, 5 females; mean age 63.36±4.25 years) and 12 young adults (7 males, 5 females; mean age 28.42±4.40 years). The lateral and medial VST and PIVC were reconstructed using DTI. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and tract volume were measured. The six-minute walk test (6-MWT), the timed up and go test (TUG), and the Berg balance scale (BBS) were conducted. Spatiotemporal parameters during tandem gait and values of sway during one-leg standing using the wearable sensors were measured. All parameters between two groups were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test. Results. Statistically significant decrease in old adults was detected in the tract volume of lateral (p=0.005) and medial VST (p≤0.001) and PIVC (p=0.020). A significant decrease in FA of lateral VST (p=0.044) and MD of medial VST (p=0.001) was seen in old adults. Stride length (p=0.003) and velocity (p=0.001) during tandem gait in old adults were significantly decreased. 6MWT (p≤0.001) showed significant decrease, while TUG (p≤0.001) showed significant increase in old adults. However, mean BSS (p=0.296) was nonsignificantly different. In eyes-open condition during one-leg standing, all parameters except for reciprocal compensatory index (RCI) values were significantly decreased in old adults. The RCI in the anteroposterior (AP) direction (p≤0.001) was increased in old adults; however, the mediolateral direction (p=0.301) was nonsignificantly different between the two groups. In eye-closed condition, the changes of ankle (p=0.031) and hip (p=0.004) sway and the center of mass in the AP direction (p=0.014) showed to be significantly higher in old adults than in young adults. Conclusion. The results suggested that there was a relationship between DTI parameters in the vestibular neural pathway and balance according to aging.

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“…Fracture of the proximal humerus is becoming one of the most common injuries among the elderly and is related to osteoporosis, which deteriorates the microstructure of the bone and decreases its bone mass [1][2][3][4][5]. Fracture risk will increase with population aging [6][7][8]: the changes that come with the biological aging process make the elderly more susceptible to suffering a fracture, given that falls are the major risk factor for this group, along with osteoporosis [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the Characterization of the Proximal Humerus in Biomechanical Studies: A Review

Castro-Franco¹,

Mendoza-Muñoz²,

González-Ángeles³

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Proximal humerus fractures are becoming more common due to the aging of the population, and more related scientific research is also emerging. Biomechanical studies attempt to optimize treatments, taking into consideration the factors involved, to obtain the best possible treatment scenario. To achieve this, the use of finite element analysis (FEA) is necessary, to experiment with situations that are difficult to replicate, and which are sometimes unethical. Furthermore, low costs and time requirements make FEA the perfect choice for biomechanical studies. Part of the complete process of an FEA involves three-dimensional (3D) bone modeling, mechanical properties assignment, and meshing the bone model to be analyzed. Due to the lack of standardization for bone modeling, properties assignment, and the meshing processes, this article aims to review the most widely used techniques to model the proximal humerus bone, according to its anatomy, for FEA. This study also seeks to understand the knowledge and bias behind mechanical properties assignment for bone, and the similarities/differences in mesh properties used in previous FEA studies of the proximal humerus. The best ways to achieve these processes, according to the evidence, will be analyzed and discussed, seeking to obtain the most accurate results for FEA simulations.

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Gait and balance in the aging population: Fall prevention using innovation and technology

Cited by 57 publications

References 47 publications

Factors Associated with history of Fall among Elderly people in Southern West Bank

Factors Associated with history of Fall among Elderly people in Southern West Bank

Associations between Age-Related Changes in the Core Vestibular Projection Pathway and Balance Ability: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

Trends in the Characterization of the Proximal Humerus in Biomechanical Studies: A Review

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