Gaining Aquaculture Blue Growth with Low Carbon Emission Shrimp Farming Technology

Abstract

Carbon emissions and their relation to shrimp farming activities getting more attention by researchers and environmentalists. Emissions of carbon and other greenhouse gases are concluded as drivers of climate change due to global warming. On the contrary, climate change is proven to determine the continuity and sustainability of shrimp farming activities. The dynamics of carbon and profitability are different for the three cultivation technologies (extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive), it caused by differences in the number and types of production inputs, and facilities and infrastructure, and also differences in productivity. This study aims to formulate the blue growth of aquaculture areas in the coastal area of Karawang Regency-West Java related to carbon emission within the DPSIR framework and use trade off analyses to obtain shrimp farming technologies alternative that are low in carbon emissions. Our conclusion to be able to reduce the carbon emissions, and increase the carbon sequestration and stock as effort for shrimp farming blue growth through optimize the spatial use supervision and increase the productivity of shrimp farming. The lowest carbon emission of shrimp farming technology are semi-intensive, intensive and extensive, respectively

Low Carbon Emission Shrimp Farming Development Model

“…The main principle of blue carbon management is to reduce and minimize emissions and increase the carbon sink. Rationalization of shrimp farming area on the coast of Karawang Regency can reduce carbon emissions and increase the ability to absorb CO2 and carbon stocks Rifqi et al (2022). This study suggested that the existence of mangrove protected areas in a spatial pattern will provide environmental services, including absorbing and storing carbon, filtering and absorbing organic matter from pond effluent, and also will increase the carrying capacity of the environment to support the continuity and sustainability of shrimp farming activities in the area.…”

“…The amount of emission per kg of shrimp produced will probably certainly be much lower on land that does not convert mangroves and have better land productivity, such as in semi-intensive and intensive ponds. However, there are still limited studies that explain the potential for carbon uptake and Rifqi et al 2022 storage during the shrimp farming process in aquaculture. Furthermore, there is a potential for carbon absorption by phytoplankton and carbon stocks in the form of phytoplankton and shrimp/fish biomass (Widigdo et al, 2020).…”

“…The shrimp production in Karawang District in 2018 was 11,374.08 tons, which was still 81.22% of the environmental carrying capacity (14,003.83 tons a year -1 ) (Rifqi, Widigdo, ashar, Nazar, & Wardianto, 2020), so that the Karawang Regency shrimp production target could still be increased (Rifqi, 2020). To date, the target increase has not been officially set; however, achieving such a target cannot be done by increasing the total area of aquaculture but by increasing productivity and cultivation technology on land designated for cultivation areas (Rifqi et al, 2022).…”

“…The development of aquaculture areas in order to achieve production targets, needs to pay attention to the principles of sustainability, including considering the dynamics of carbon. Sustainability of shrimp farming in an aquaculture area includes aspects of structuring and utilizing land according to its designation and considering the carrying capacity of the environment ; considering carbon dynamics (Rifqi et al, 2022); mitigation of negative impacts on the environment (Páez-Osuna, 2001), adaptability to climate change (Ahmed et al, 2019; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], 2020), and effective communication and education of stakeholders (Xuan et al, 2021).…”

“…Although its utilization for shrimp farming is limited, the land utilization must be in accordance with the recommended technology. Restoration of the mangrove ecosystem on the coast of Karawang Regency Rifqi et al 2022 will positively impact the continuity and sustainability of shrimp farming in ponds while restoring environmental services (including carbon sinks and stocks).…”