The waters of Pangandaran is one of area potential spread of spiny lobster in the southern of West Java. Species of spiny lobster that caught in waters Pangandaran including: Panulirus homarus, P. penicillatus, P. ornatus and P. versicolor. Measurement of spiny lobster conducted in November-December 2015 and January-February 2016 to determine the population size distribution and condition factor of spiny lobster. The result of measurement on 826 individuals spiny lobster, showed distribution size of male spiny lobster ranged from 3.1-8.9 cm (CL), while the female ranged from 3.4-8.5 cm (CL). The result of analysis of length weight relationship, spiny lobster in Pangandaran has isometric growth pattern. The values of coefficient of fulton condition (K) and relative weight (Wr) values result of the analysis, indicating that the waters Pangandaran not quite support for the growth of spiny lobster.
Shrimp is a vastly strategic aquaculture commodity in Indonesia, most of which is produced for the export market; hence, competitiveness is the main key in the industry. With the increasing productivity of a shrimp farming area, the regulation for establishing a shrimp culture area needs to be strictly managed, including reducing carbon emissions. The management of aquaculture areas needs to pay attention to the principle of sustainability and consider carbon dynamics. This paper contains a descriptive analysis of the literature related to the substance of the study. The carbon dynamics in aquaculture areas consist of potential sources of carbon emitted and potential sinks or carbon that can be absorbed and stored. By structuring the shrimp pond area, aquaculture engineering, the application of good aquaculture practices and use of alternative energy sources, during the shrimp farming process in ponds, the carbon emission can be minimized, and the carbon sink can be increased. Our recommendation suggests that analysis of land suitability, environmental carrying capacity and carbon dynamics in each shrimp pond area are exceptionally required to be conducted to assess land suitability as a low carbon emission shrimp farming area. Furthermore, to increase farmers' understanding and awareness of the sustainability of the practices, pilot areas for low-emission shrimp ponds need to be developed.
<p>Keanekaragaman jenis ikan karang merupakan suatu indikator penting yang dapat menggambarkan perubahan lingkungan perairan karang. Perubahan habitat karang adalah resiko yang mungkin dihadapi sebagai akibat pembangunan. Penelitian dilakukan di perairan pantai Pangandaran dengan tujuan mengkaji kesehatan terumbu karang dan indeks ekologis komunitas ikan karang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah <em>line intercept transect</em> untuk menentukan persen tutupan karang dan metode sensus visual untuk menentukan keanekaragaman ikan karang pada area seluas 250m<sup>2</sup>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesehatan terumbu karang pada kondisi buruk, tutupan karang hidup 11,4 -20,74%. Teridentifikasi 66 jenis ikan karang dengan kriteria kepadatan sangat jarang (0,59 – 0,91) ind/m<sup>2</sup>. Indeks kekayaan ikan karang pada kategori baik (4,60-8,68), keanekaragaman jenis ikan karang termasuk dalam kategori sedang (2,57-3,36). Tidak terjadi dominasi jenis ikan karang tertentu (0,05-0,120) dan kemerataan populasi di lokasi penelitian termasuk tinggi (0,81-0,87).</p><p> </p><p><em>Reef fish diversity is a major indicator to expose a current environmental state of coral reefs. Economic developments probably lead to habitat alteration risks. The research was conducted in Pangandaran Beach Waters, Batu Karas, Pananjung Barat, Pananjung Timur. The research objective was, to assess the reef health, and to fine out several diversity indices of reef fish communities. Methods used for those are a line intercept transect and census visual technique within area of 250 m<sup>2</sup>. The results showed that all of the area had a poor reef health category(11,4-20,74%), reef fish densities were grouped in very rare areas, especially < 1-5 ind/m<sup>2</sup>. Richnes indices had a good category(4,60-8,68), shannon diversity indices of reef fish felt in the fair category(</em>2,57-3,36), <em>dominance indices of reef fish felt in the low category(0,05-0,120) and evenness indices were felt in a high category(0,81-0,87).</em></p>
Shallow water bathymetry estimation from remote sensing data has been increasing widespread, as an alternative to traditional bathymetry measurement that has disturbed by technical and logistic problem. Deriving bathymetry data from Sentinel 2A images, at visible wavelength (blue, green and red) 10 meter spatial resolution was carried out around the waters of the Kemujan Island Karimunjawa National Park Central Java. Amount of 1280 points data are used as training data sets and 854 points data as test data set produced from sounding. Dark Object Substraction (DOS) has been to correct atmospherically the Sentinel-2A images. Several algorithm has been applied to derive bathymetry data, including: linear transform, ratio transform and support vector machine (SVM). The highest correlation between depth prediction and observe resulted from SVM algorithm with a coefficient of determination (R2) 0.71 (training data) and 0.56 (test data). The assessment of the accuracy of the three methods using RMSE and MAE values, the SVM algorithm has the smallest value (< 1 m). This indicates that the SVM algorithm has a high accuracy compared to the other two methods. The bathymetry map derived from Sentinel 2A imagery cannot be used as a reference for navigation.
Kemunculan hiu paus di Desa Botubarani Teluk Tomini Gorontalo menjadi fenomena langka bagi masyarakat setempat. Kegiatan pengamatan kemunculan hiu paus (Rhincodon typus) dilakukan pada bulan April dan Mei 2016 di Teluk Tomini Gorontalo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengamatan bawah air untuk mengidentifikasi hiu paus dan tingkah lakunya. Pengukuran kualitas air dan pengambilan sampel plankton dan larva dilakukan disekitar lokasi kemunculan hiu paus. Selama pengamatan ditemukan lima ekor hiu paus dengan ukuran berkisar 3-8 m. Tingkah laku hiu paus yang teramati oleh penyelam, hiu paus muncul dari kedalaman >100 m kemudian berenang berputar-putar pada kedalaman 15-20 m sesekali membuka mulutnya untuk menyaring makanan. Hasil pengamatan kualitas air disekitar lokasi kemunculan hiu paus, nilai salinitas berkisar antara 31,96-33,23 0/00, nilai oksigen terlarut berkisar 6,02-7,48 mg.l-1. Kelimpahan zooplankton tertinggi diperoleh pada pengamatan bulan April yaitu Acartia sp. dari kelas Crustaceae dengan kelimpahan 12385 ind.l-1. Kelimpahan larva disekitar lokasi kemunculan hiu paus didominasi oleh copepod dan larva ikan. Faktor makanan diduga menjadi salah satu faktor munculnya hiu paus di Teluk Tomini.
Relasi Antara Muslim Dengan Non Muslim. sejarah tentang hubungan Nabi Muhammad dan umat Islam dengan kaum Nashrani dan Yahudi.Nyata bahwa Islam mengakui pluralitas agama dan tidak melakukan pemaksaan dalam berdakwah. Islam tidak datang untuk menghabisi dan memusnahkan agama lain, melainkan agar para pemeluk agama saling hidup damai berdampingan dan bekerja sama. Terlebih dalam masalah interaksi sosial (mu'amalah) dan pergaulan sehari-hari dengan orang kafir, Islam mengajarkan keluwesan dan sikap saling menghargai
<p>Untuk meneliti keshahihan sebuah hadis, kita perlu meneliti kualitas sanad dan matannya. Langkah awal dari penelitian hadis adalah takhrij hadis, yaitu penelusuran letak hadis pada kitab-kitab primer (<em>mashadir ashliyah</em>) yang mencantumkan hadis secara lengkap dengan sanadnya.</p>Tulisan ini mengulas pentingnya takhrij hadis, sejarah dan dan perkembangan takhrij hadis, delapan metode takhrij yang lima di antaranya dipaparkan oleh Mahmud al-Thahhan dalam kitab <em>Ushûl al-Takhrîj wa Dirâsah al-Asânid, </em>prinsip-prinsip dan manfaat takhrij hadis.
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