Gain saturation in fiber Raman amplifiers due to stimulated Brillouin scattering

Foley, B.; Dakss, M.L.; Davies, R. W.; Melman, P.

doi:10.1109/50.41624

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[10] When the phase modulation frequency is large compared with the Brillouin gain bandwidth (usually 50 MHz), each side band can create its own SBS independently due to the non-overlapping gain spectra. According to this theory, the enhancement of SBS threshold is unrelated to the phase modulation frequency which can be expressed by [5,11]…”

Section: Effect Of Phase Modulation On the Enhancement Of The Gain Sa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) plays a significant role in the gain saturation of the fiber Raman amplifier in previous research in the 1990s, and some methods like adopting isolators and phase modulations were taken to suppress SBS. [5][6][7] These studies, however, only presented the effects of these methods qualitatively, rather than evaluated them quantitatively, which is paid attention to in this paper. Additionally, the Raman pumps in those studies were multimodal and it was demonstrated in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering on the gain saturation of distributed fiber Raman amplifier and its suppression by phase modulation

et al. 2015

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For distributed fiber Raman amplifiers (DFRAs), stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) can deplete the pump once occurring and consequently generate gain saturation. On the basis of such a theory, theoretical gain saturation powers in DFRAs with various pump schemes are obtained by calculating SBS thresholds in them, and the experimental results show that they are in excellent agreement with the calculation results. The saturation power of the DFRA with a 300 mW forward pump is as low as 0 dBm, which needs to be enhanced by phase modulation, and the effect is quantitatively studied. A simple model taking both modulation frequency and index into consideration is presented by introducing a correction factor to evaluate the effect of phase modulation on the enhancement of saturation power. Experimentally, it is shown that such a correction factor decreases as the modulation frequency increases and approaches zero when the modulation frequency becomes high enough. In particular, a phase modulation with a modulation frequency of 100 MHz and a modulation index of 1.380 can enhance the saturation power by 4.44 dB, and the correction factor is 0.25 dB, in which the modulation frequency is high enough. Additionally, the factor is 1.767 dB for the modulation frequency of 25 MHz. On this basis, phase modulations with various indexes and a fixed frequency of 25 MHz are adopted to verify the modified model, and the results are positive. To obtain the highest gain saturation power, the model is referable. The research results provide a guide for the design of practical DFRAs.

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Section: Effect Of Phase Modulation On the Enhancement Of The Gain Sa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering on the gain saturation of distributed fiber Raman amplifier and its suppression by phase modulation

et al. 2015

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“…Generally, Raman amplifiers have a very high pumping power demand and obtain a lower signal gain than those of EDFAs [2, 40]. Furthermore, Raman amplifiers have some limitations for high input signal power because of the increase of penalties associated with non‐linear effects, such as four‐wave mixing or stimulated Brillouin scattering [41, 42]. Rocha and Nogueria [9] proposed a wide‐band HOA based on a combination of EDFA and DRA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gain‐flattened hybrid EDFA operating in C + L band with parallel pumping distribution technique

Al-Azzawi

Almukhtar

Dhar

et al. 2020

IET Optoelectronics

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“…The ABS noise of the FBA has previously been theoretically studied regarding that the gain coefficients of ABS noise and probe signal were equal. [15,16] In 2019, Sheng et al [17] have proposed a method to filter out the amplified probe signal from the ABS noise via mode conversion and spatial filtering, and they also think the ABS noise will be amplified with nearly the same gain as the probe signal. However, the probe signal has its own SOP, which may be different from that of the pump.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization dependence of gain and amplified spontaneous Brillouin scattering noise analysis for fiber Brillouin amplifier*

Shang

Tang

et al. 2019

Chinese Phys. B

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The polarization dependences of gain and amplified spontaneous Brillouin scattering (ABS) noise for fiber Brillouin amplifier (FBA) are analyzed through theories, simulations, and experiments. Modified vector propagation equations for calculating the gain of the probe signal and the ABS noise are derived and analyzed in the Stokes spaces. In simulations and experiments, we prove that the gain of the probe signal and the ABS noise are strongly dependent on the relative state of polarization (SOP) of the pump and probe signals. The closer the relative SOP of the pump and probe signals is, the more obvious ABS noise suppression effect will be brought by increasing the power of the input probe signal.

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Gain saturation in fiber Raman amplifiers due to stimulated Brillouin scattering

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering on the gain saturation of distributed fiber Raman amplifier and its suppression by phase modulation

Effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering on the gain saturation of distributed fiber Raman amplifier and its suppression by phase modulation

Gain‐flattened hybrid EDFA operating in C + L band with parallel pumping distribution technique

Polarization dependence of gain and amplified spontaneous Brillouin scattering noise analysis for fiber Brillouin amplifier*

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