Effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering on the gain saturation of distributed fiber Raman amplifier and its suppression by phase modulation

Zhang, Yichi; Chen, Wei; Sun, Shilin; Zhang, Meng

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/24/9/094209

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a nonlinear interaction due to electrostriction and elastic-optics effects between acoustic, pump and Stokes waves, which can be categorized into backward and forward scattering (B-SBS [1][2][3][4] /F-SBS). B-SBS is caused by longitudinal acoustic waves in fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed analysis of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering for acoustic impedance sensing by extraction of a 2nd-order local spectrum*

Yang¹,

Lin²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Chinese Phys. B

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Distributed fiber sensors based on forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (F-SBS) have attracted special attention because of their capability to detect the acoustic impedance of liquid material outside fiber. However, the reported results were based on the extraction of a 1st-order local spectrum, causing the sensing distance to be restricted by pump depletion. Here, a novel post-processing technique was proposed for distributed acoustic impedance sensing by extracting the 2nd-order local spectrum, which is beneficial for improving the sensing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) significantly, since its pulse energy penetrates into the fiber more deeply. As a proof-of-concept, distributed acoustic impedance sensing along ∼ 1630 m fiber under moderate spatial resolution of ∼ 20 m was demonstrated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed analysis of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering for acoustic impedance sensing by extraction of a 2nd-order local spectrum*

Yang¹,

Lin²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Chinese Phys. B

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Design and optimization of all-fiber rotational Raman spectroscope for temperature measurement based on sampled fiber Bragg grating

Gong¹,

Hua²,

Li³

et al. 2016

Acta Phys. Sin.

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Atmospheric temperature is a key parameter to characterize the state of the atmosphere. Owing to the independence of the aerosol effect for profiling the temperture, the pure rotational Raman lidar has become one of valid tools. To achieve all-time and high-precision active remote sensing, strong background noise needs to be filtered out, and the inhibition rate outside the band of more than 70 dB is needed for Mie-Rayleigh scattering in a rotational Raman temperature measurement lidar. In this paper, a multiple cascaded light path based on sampled fiber Bragg grating (SFBG) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in visible spectrum is presented to obtain characteristic spectrum. All-fiber spectroscopic system with high inhibition rate for Raman thermometry is set up based on the above light path. The core device consists of single mode fibers (460-HP) to ensure the compatibility with optical fiber. The main factors affecting the inhibition rate outside the band of sampled fiber Bragg grating, including refractive index modulation depth, total length of grating, sampling period and duty, are optimally designed by using mode coupling theory and tranmission matrix model. Then the optimized parameters of spectroscope are obtained. The results show that the inhibition rate outside the band is proportional to the refractive index modulation depth and duty, when the total length of grating is a constant. However, a larger sidelobe jamming will be caused by overlarge refractive index modulation depth. The less amount and widened full width half maximun of reflectivity peak appear following overlarge duty. In the Raman spectroscopic system of this paper, the inhibition rates outside the bands of SFBG and FBG are 30 dB and 20 dB, respectively. The inhibition rate of more than 70 dB is realized for Mie-Rayleigh scattering, after passing through two FBGs and one SFBG. The simulated optimum parameters of SFBGs are the effective index of the guide mode of 1.465, the saturation index variation of 0.00005, the SFBG length of 20 mm, the sampled period of 0.4 mm, and the Bragg wavelengths of 528.51 nm and 530.76 nm. By using the American standard model and atmospheric scattering signal model, the all-time signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and inhibition rate of Mie-Rayleigh scattering and solar background light are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the intensities of solar background light and Mie-Rayleigh scattering signal are weaker than Raman scattering signals at 40 dB and 50 dB, respectively. The detection height in daytime and night can reach up to 1.6 km and 2.6 km under the condition of SNR of more than 100, respectively. Owing to these advantages such as miniaturization, anti-interference and high stability, this spectroscope provides a viable solution for filter systems of ground-based and spaceborne lidars.

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Influence of nonlinear effects on forward stimulated Brillouin scattering distributed sensing

Yang¹,

Li²,

Deng³

et al. 2022

Acta Phys. Sin.

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The impacts of nonlinear effects on sensing performance of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) were investigated, using opto-mechanical time-domain analysis (OMTDA) sensor as an example. The excitation of FSBS often requires high pulse power (Watt level) because of the lower gain coefficient. Due to the copropagation of reading pulse and scattered light, high-power activation pulses will induce various nonlinear effects in FSBS sensing system. Using the reported method based on activation-reading time-domain separation, the influence of nonlinear effects due to activation pulses can be effectively avoided. However, the nonlinear effects of reading pulses have direct impact on sensing performance. Based on this consideration, we studied the influence of nonlinear effects on FSBS sensing and its physical mechanism under different peak power of reading pulses; the variation process of the 1st- and 2nd-order FSBS spectrums along~4.7 km standard single-mode fiber (SMF) was shown in detail. Finally, the optimization region was found, inside which a perfect FSBS local spectrum was obtained, and the sensing distance extension can be achieved.

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Effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering on the gain saturation of distributed fiber Raman amplifier and its suppression by phase modulation

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Distributed analysis of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering for acoustic impedance sensing by extraction of a 2nd-order local spectrum*

Distributed analysis of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering for acoustic impedance sensing by extraction of a 2nd-order local spectrum*

Design and optimization of all-fiber rotational Raman spectroscope for temperature measurement based on sampled fiber Bragg grating

Influence of nonlinear effects on forward stimulated Brillouin scattering distributed sensing

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