Gain flattening of EDFA using hybrid EDFA/RFA with reduced channel spacing

Sharma, Shivani; Sharma, Vivek Ruder

doi:10.1109/spin.2016.7566700

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…Companies such as Lumentum and Iridian provide solutions mainly based on the use of thin-film filters in order to equalize the non-uniform gain of the edfa [6][7]. Related works have also included the use of a model that employs a hybrid optical amplifier consisting of an edfa and a Raman amplifier proposed for a 20×50 Gbps wdm system [8]. In this context, Fiber Bragg Gratings (fbg) have also drawn attention as a filtering method to flatten the edfa gain because of its low losses, wide bandwidth, low group delay, insensibility to Polarization Mode Dispersion (pdl) and direct compatibility with the optical fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a flattening filter using Fiber Bragg Gratings for EDFA gain equalization: an artificial neural network application

Alba¹,

Herrera²,

Puerto³

2019

Cien.Ing.Neogranadina

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This paper presents a proposal for the non-uniform gain compensation of an Erbium-doped fiber optic amplifier (EDFA) in a Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) system using Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG). In this proposal, the multilayer perceptron feed-forward artificial neural network with backpropagation was trained under the secant method (one-step secant) and was selected according to mean square error measurement. The proposal optimizes FBG parameters such as center frequency, rejection level and length in order to determine a filtering response based on a reduced number of FBGS that will be used to flatten the non-linear response of the amplifier gain and avoid the per-carrier treatment of a standard flattening filter. While an artificial neural network with a 7-10-6 structure demonstrated the feasibility of equalizing the gain of an EDFA using as few as three FBGS, a 25-18-12 structure improved the results when the configuration consisted of an FBG array of six resonances that provided similar results to that featured by the standard gain-flattening filter. The proposal was evaluated in an amplified WDM system of eight optical carriers located between 195-196.4 THz.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%