“…Choi (1995) originally proposed the concept of nanofluid (Fig. 3), which is a fluid with some types of Nano-metric particles suspended in a base fluid like water, engine oil, and ethylene glycol (Rawi et al, 2017). Examples of nanoparticles are carbide ceramics (SiC, TiC), nitride ceramics (AlN, SiN), alloyed nanoparticles (Al70, Cu30), metals (Cu, Ag, Au), semiconductors (TiO2, SiC), single, double or multi walled carbon nanotubes, metallic oxides (Al2O3, CuO), etc.…”