The effect of variable heat source on viscoelastic fluid of CuO-oil based nanofluid over a porous nonlinear stretching surface is analyzed. The problem was modelled in the form of partial differential equations and transformed into a coupled fourth order ordinary differential equations by similarity techniques. It was further reduced to a system of first order ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with a shooting method. The results for various controlling parameters have been tabulated and the flow profiles graphically illustrated. The study revealed that the viscoelastic parameter has a decreasing effect on the magnitude of both the skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer from the surface. It enhanced the momentum boundary layer thickness whilst adversely affecting the thermal boundary layer thickness.
The combined effect of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on dissipative flow of oil-based nanofluid over a permeable vertical plate with suction has been studied. The governing partial differential equations have been transformed into a coupled third-order ordinary differential equations using similarity techniques. The resulting third-order ordinary differential equations were then reduced into a system of first-order ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm with a shooting method. The results revealed that both viscosity and thermal conductivities of CuO oil-based nanofluid enhances the intensity of the skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer at the surface of the plate. Furthermore, the thermal boundary layer thickness is weakened by the viscosity of CuO oil-based nanofluid, the Prandtl number, the suction parameter, the permeability of the medium and the thermal Grashof number
Effects of thermal stratification on magnetized flow of electrically induced Maxwell nanofluid over reactive stretching plate have been analyzed. The nonlinear ordinary differential equations governing the flow problem were obtained by applying Similarity transformation. The resulting model was then solved with the aid of the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm along with the shooting technique. Results for pertinent flow parameters were tabulated and analyzed graphically. The Richardson number was noted to appreciate the momentum boundary layer thickness but it decayed both the thermal and solutal boundary layer thicknesses.
Heat transport processes through radiation in a dissipative flow of Al2O3 and CuO oil-based nanofluids has been discussed. The equations modeling the flow has been transformed using similarity variables into coupled nonlinear higher order ordinary differential equations. These equations are solved by employing the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm and a shooting technique. The results for the embedded parameters were tabulated and depicted graphically. The study revealed that oil-based nanofluid of CuO has a better rate of heat transfer than Al2O3 oil-based nanofluid with increased radiation. Thus, the study concluded that CuO oil-based nanofluid has a superior heat transfer characteristic and thus preferred for radiation hardening.
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