G-force induced alterations in rat EEG activity: a quantitative analysis

Lukatch, Heath S.; Echon, R.M.; MacIver, M Bruce; Werchan, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0013-4694(97)00063-1

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For Lukatch et al (1997), the loss of consciousness induced by G force in pilots follows an epileptic fit, and occurs when relative power in the 2 to 30 Hz band ranges is below 10%. Assuring that loss of consciousness is associated with a total power below 10% of the pre-stun value (Raj, personal communication;Lukatch et al, 1997), only bird 4 was unconscious following the stun, whereas there was a nonequivocal lack of stun efficiency in the other birds (duck 8 excepted).…”

Section: Mouchonnièrementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocorticogram spectral analysis and somatosensory evoked potentials as tools to assess electrical stunning efficiency in ducks

2004

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1. Fast Fourier transformations (FFTs) of electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals and averaging of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were used for assessing the impact of electrical stunning of ducks in a waterbath set to deliver a constant current of 150 mA, 600 Hz alternating current (AC) for 4 s. The effectiveness of stunning was determined on the basis of induction of epileptiform activity in the ECoG followed by a decrease in total power content to less than 10% of pre-stun values and abolition of SEPs. 2. One out of 10 birds was killed by the stun. FFT analysis of the ECoG signals of the remaining 9 birds showed that only one bird had a decrease of the total power to less than 10% of the pre-stun values for up to 70 s post-stun. The SEPs were retained in 6 out of 9 ducks and and 4 of them retained the evoked responses throughout the post-stun period. In the two birds showing abolition of SEPs, this was associated with a decrease in the total power content to below 10% of the pre-stun value. 3. The present experiment confirmed that the abolition of SEPs and the decrease of the total power below 10% of the pre-stun value for assessing unconsciousness after an electrical stunning in various species are also applicable to ducks. Based on this, it is concluded that electrical waterbath stunning of ducks using 150 mA of 600 Hz AC is ineffective.

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Section: Mouchonnièrementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocorticogram spectral analysis and somatosensory evoked potentials as tools to assess electrical stunning efficiency in ducks

2004

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“…However, after electrical stunning, a decrease in the whole frequency band was observed, and unconsciousness was recognised when the total power content (2.5-30 Hz) decreased just after the end of the stun and remained at an ultimate low level until death. Lukatch et al [8] considered that loss of consciousness occurs when the total power content decreases below 10% of the pre-treatment level, which corresponds to an isoelectric state. Since the loss of somatosensory evoked responses (i.e.…”

Section: Ecog Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of current intensity during ‘head-only’ electrical stunning on brain function in force-fed ducks

2004

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-A preliminary study was carried out to determine the minimum current required for head-only electrical stunning of force-fed ducks. Forty-five force-fed ducks were implanted with electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording electrodes, and the changes occurring in the ECoG frequencies were quantitatively evaluated with Fast Fourier Transformations (FFT) to determine the effectiveness of a range of electrical stunning currents. A 50 Hz alternating current (AC) was used to apply a constant current of 100 (n = 4), 200 (n = 12), 300 (n = 13), 400 (n = 9) or 600 mA (n = 7) for 4 seconds via electrical tongs (spiked electrodes) placed firmly on the ears. The feathers on the head were wetted using saline water to improve the current flow through the skull. The birds were manually bled out within 15 seconds from the end of the stun by severing the carotid arteries and jugular veins in the neck. The calculated impedance of the wet head was 296 ± 21 Ω. The results showed that the application of 100 to 400 mA failed to stun some birds and some others regained consciousness before death occurred from bleeding. After a 600 mA stun, however, all the birds were rendered unconscious until death occurred. At this intensity, the birds showed mild clonic convulsions after the tonic phase, and then an exhaustion phase. None of them were killed by the current application. Therefore, to ensure a human slaughter in force-fed ducks, a minimum headonly stunning current of 600 mA followed by severance of all the major blood vessels in the neck would be recommended if the preliminary results obtained in the present experiment are confirmed. duck / head-only stunning / current intensity / welfare / spectral analysis Résumé -Effet de l'intensité du courant au cours de l'électronarcose 'tête seulement' sur l'activité cérébrale chez le canard gavé. Une étude préliminaire a été réalisée afin de définir le courant minimum requis pour obtenir un étourdissement efficace chez le canard gavé, après électronarcose 'tête seulement'. Des électrodes d'enregistrement de l'électrocorticogramme (ECoG) ont été implantées chez quarante-cinq animaux, et l'évolution des fréquences de l'ECoG a été observée afin d'estimer le degré de conscience des animaux après un choc électrique. Un courant alternatif de 50 Hz a été appliqué à l'aide de pinces électriques bi-temporales (électrodes pointues), centrées sur les ouïes, pendant 4 secondes, utilisant des intensités croissantes de 100 à 600 mA. Les canards ont été saignés 15 secondes après la fin du choc électrique. L'impédance moyenne des têtes * Corresponding author: fernandez@ensat.fr 156 C. Beyssen et al.mouillées était de 296 ± 21 Ω. Alors que certains animaux n'ont pas été étourdis ou ont recouvré la conscience après des chocs allant jusqu'à 400 mA, l'électronarcose 'tête seulement' de 600 mA a étourdi efficacement tous les animaux, depuis la fin du choc jusqu'à la mort de l'animal. A cette intensité, les animaux ont présenté de faibles convulsions cloniques après la phase tonique, suivies d'une période d'épu...

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“…The data this summer confirmed this extension in time. The current analysis is based on the quantitative analysis of G-force induced alterations of rat EEG activity reported from this laboratory by Lukatch et al,(1997). Because the analysis using this system did not present an easily identified end point, the studies were extended to include the gamma frequency which has been investigated by R. Eichon in this laboratory.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The excellent study by Lukatch et al,(1997) from this laboratory indicated that quantitative analysis of EEG activity presented the possibility of predicting GLOC. The studies this summer attempted to extend the studies to the gamma frequency.…”

Section: -5mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Summer Research Program - 1997 Summer Faculty Research Program Volume 2B Armstrong Laboratory

Moore¹

1997

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G-force induced alterations in rat EEG activity: a quantitative analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Electrocorticogram spectral analysis and somatosensory evoked potentials as tools to assess electrical stunning efficiency in ducks

Electrocorticogram spectral analysis and somatosensory evoked potentials as tools to assess electrical stunning efficiency in ducks

The effect of current intensity during ‘head-only’ electrical stunning on brain function in force-fed ducks

Summer Research Program - 1997 Summer Faculty Research Program Volume 2B Armstrong Laboratory

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