g-C3N4 Sensitized by an Indoline Dye for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution

Abstract

Protonated g-C3N4 (pCN) formed by treating bulk g-C3N4 with an aqueous HCl solution was modified with D149 dye, i.e., 5-[[4[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl) phenyl]-1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydrocyclopent[b]indol-7-yl] methylene]-2-(3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxo-5-thiazolidinylidene)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidenerhodanine, for photocatalytic water splitting (using Pt as a co-catalyst). The D149/pCN-Pt composite showed a much higher rate (2138.2 µmol·h−1·g−1) of H2 production than pCN-Pt (657.0 µmol·h−1·g−1). Through relevant characterization, the significantly high activity of D149/pCN-Pt was linked to improved absorption of visible light, accelerated electron transfer, and more efficient separation of charge carriers. The presence of both D149 and Pt was found to be important for these factors. A mechanism was proposed.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Performance of ZnFe2O4-g-C3N4 Composites for Tetracycline Removal from Contaminated Water

“…Tis indicates that Eosin Y could not be detected on the surface of the composite using SEM. Furthermore, a similar study conducted by Chen and coworkers using g-C 3 N 4 sensitized by indoline dye reported that the TEM images could not detect organic dyes on the surface of a sample [42].…”

“…Te sensitized photocatalyst achieves the best photocatalytic performance at 94.62%. Tis could be explained by the improved charge separation and better light photon harvesting [42]. Similarly, all the composites had signifcantly higher performance than all the pure photocatalysts, and an increase in ZnFe composition was accompanied by an increase in photocatalytic activity.…”

“…Te dye sensitization experiment used mixing and adsorption with the method adapted from [28,42]. In a typical experiment, 10 grams of photocatalyst was added to 100 ml of ethanol solution and stirred magnetically for thirty minutes to ensure even mixing.…”

Hydrogen evolution via noble metals based photocatalysts: A review

“…D149/Protonated g-C3N4 (pCN) Pt Calcination method, 18 mL aqueous solution, 0.81 mg H2PtCl6.6H2O, 2 mL triethanolamine (TEOA), 300WXe lamp, λ>420 nm, 12 °C 2138 μmolg −1 h −1 [135] Pd/2D C3N4 Hydrothermal method, oil bath method for Pd nanotubes preparation, 100 °C, 90 mL water and 10 mL TEOA, 300 W Xe lamp, λ>400 nm 1208.6 μmolg −1 h −1 [136] Co-Pi/Bi-La2Ti2O7 nanosheet/Pt Hydrothermal method, room temperature, methanol 20 vol%, 0.1 M AgNO3, Xe light source, (λ>400 nm)…”