Hydrogen evolution via noble metals based photocatalysts: A review

Abstract

In recent decades, the use of photocatalysts in the evolution of hydrogen (H2) has received much attention. However, the use of the well-known titanium oxide and another photocatalyst as a base for noble metals is limited due to their major weakness in electron-hole pair separation. The use of cocatalysts can be a good way to overcome this problem and provide better performance for the evolution of hydrogen. In this review, suitable high-efficiency cocatalysts for solar hydrogen production have been thoroughly reviewed. New strategies and solutions were examined in terms of increasing the recombination of charge carriers, designing reactive sites, and enhancing the wavelengths of light absorption. Several new types of cocatalysts based on semiconductors in noble groups and dual metals have been evaluated. It is expected that these photocatalysts will be able to reduce the activation energy of reaction and charge separation. In this regard, the existing views and challenges in the field of photocatalysts are presented. The characteristics of monoatomic photocatalysts are reviewed in this manuscript and the latest advances in this field are summarized. Further, the future trends and upcoming research are also briefly discussed. Finally, this review presents noble metal-based photocatalysts for providing suitable photocatalysts on a larger scale and improving their applicability.

Synthesis and applications of double metal MXenes: A review

“…Sustainable producible clean hydrogen is a promising alternative energy carrier to replace carbon-based fuels [49]. Hydrogen production by water splitting with an electrocatalytic approach can become more sustainable after discovering new materials, such as 2D nanomaterials [50].…”

Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of rGO Modulated β‐Ga2O3 for Wastewater Treatment

“…In comparison, the formation of an appropriate composite system is more straightforward. For Ga 2 O 3 , the fabrication of composite with noble metals [ 9 ] or other inorganic semiconducting systems [ 10 ] has been successfully investigated. Different electrical and optical properties of rGO were also easily tuned through composite formation.…”

ALD-Deposited NiO Approaches the Performance of Platinum as a Hydrogen Evolution Cocatalyst on Carbon Nitride

“…Noble-metal-based cocatalysts, including Pt, Pd, Ru, Ag, and Ir, have been extensively explored for their notable impact in accelerating the HER . Nevertheless, their use in scaled-up applications is severely restricted by their low global reserves and/or high cost. , Hence, researchers shifted their focus to more abundant transition-metal-based HER cocatalysts, including metal phosphides (Co 2 P, Ni 2 P, NiCoP), , metal sulfides (CdS and MoS 2 quantum dots), , metal carbides, and other metal complexes. , However, satisfactory HER activities are accompanied by complicated synthesis methods and poor stabilities, preventing widespread use.…”