Fuzzy Modeling of the Spatial Evolution of the Chemistry in the Tinto River (SW Spain)

Abstract

The oxidation of sulfide minerals generates acid waters containing high concentrations of sulfates, metals and metalloids. The overriding chemical mechanism of AMD has now been reasonably well understood, although accurate assessment or prediction of its ecological impact are still difficult due to the complexity of the processes involved. The main objective of this work is to characterize the behavior of As conditioned by the presence of other elements which are characteristic of AMD pollution, both in the generating milieu, and in the receiving milieu of the Tinto river, and thus to be able to establish the differences in behavior at both sites by using a fuzzy computer tool. The extremely low As values are due to different circumstances at each sampling site: the pH in generating milieu may reach extremely high values while in receiving milieu it does not rise above medium-high values. The differences remain for extremely high As values, proving very much conditioned by the temperature in the generating milieu and only compatible with extremely high values for this, while in the receiving milieu it has barely any influence. It is the redox potential especially that presents a more pronounced difference, while in generating

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“…Fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) have many successful applications in industrial environments and in diverse technological contexts [58,59,60,61]. In fact, today, fuzzy logic is a tool widely used in the modeling of complex processes in multiple fields of science [62,63,64]. …”

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“…All the obtained results have been validated by experts from different contexts who have confirmed the veracity and importance of the qualitative information generated by this tool. Some of the results obtained have led to publications in indexed journals of first level, such as (Aroba et al, 2008), (Gegúndez et al, 2008), (Grande et al, 2010a), (Grande et al, 2010b), (Francisco de Toro et al, 2011).…”

“…The main objective of (Grande et al, 2010b) is to characterize the behaviour of arsenic conditioned by the presence of other elements which are characteristic of acid mine drainage pollution, both in generating milieu and receiving milieu of the Tinto river. The paper analyzes the different behaviours arsenic assumes at both sites, as well as its relationships with the rest of the elements.…”

Application of Fuzzy Logic to Qualify the Environmental Impact in Abandoned Mining Sites

“…In the generic field of environmental impact assessment, there are the references of De Siqueira and De Mello (2006), Peche andRodríguez (2009), andShepard (2005). Specifically in mining environments, Aroba et al (2007), Grande et al (2010b), Jiménez et al (2009), andValente andLeal Gomes (2009a) have developed models based on fuzzy logic, able to describe the behavior of watercourses facing mining contamination problems.…”