“…GK, FCS and FCES algorithms were initialised using random membership values μ . FKR used a fuzzy k-means (FKM) [22] algorithm, while for the FKE algorithm the same initialisation approach in [11] was used, namely 10 iterations of FKM followed by 10 iterations of FKR. For the proposed FCGS algorithm, while any clustering algorithm can be used for initialization with Bspline, the GK algorithm (Algorithm 1) was selected because it consistently provided the highest percentage of superior results for all the test images used in the experiments in comparison to FKR, FCS, FKE and FCES.…”